Cell
The basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
It’s shape and size contributes to is function
Robert Hooke
Used a micro scope to discover cells
Microscope
Tool used to magnify or enlarge small things
Cell theory
- All organisms are made up of one or more cells
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
- All cells come from already existing cells
Organelle
A tiny structure in a cell that performs a function
Nucleus
directs all cell activities (similar to the brain of the cell)
Nucleolus
makes ribosomes
Chromatin
contains DNA (genetic material that are the instructions for the cell)
DNA= deoxyribonucleic acid
Nuclear Membrane
surrounds the nucleus
Cell Membrane
selectively permeable membrane meaning it only lets specific materials move in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
gel-like material inside the cell
- cytosol is part of the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
moves material around in the cell
- like a highway
Ribosomes
make proteins and translate messages
Golgi bodies
the packaging organelle
Mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell because it breaks down food molecules and releases energy
*does cellular respiration
Vacuole
storage area in the cell
Lysosomes
digest wastes and worn-out cell parts, “cleans” the cell
Chloroplasts
contain a chemical called chlorophyll (absorbs the sun’s energy & makes the plant green) and allows the plant to make food for itself (like solar panels)
*does photosynthesis
*only in plants
Cell wall
outer boundary of plant cell, rigid & tough, provides support and shape
-made of cellulose
*only in plants
Prokaryotic Cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus, usually unicellular
