Cells

Question 1

Organelles

Answer 1

structures within a cell

Question 2

Centrosome

Answer 2

has 2 centrioles which assist in cell division

Question 3

Microvilli

Answer 3

increase area for absorption

Question 4

Mitochondrion

Answer 4

1. respiration occurs here
2. found in both plant + animal cells
3. outer membrane is smooth; inner membrane has fold called cristae
4. energy is released in the form of ATP in the mitochondria
5. cells that require a lot of energy have many mitochondria

Question 5

Plasmodesma(ta)

Answer 5

pores allow cytoplasmic threads, (plasmodesmata), to connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells

Question 6

Intercellular air space

Answer 6

1. contains air
2. allows for the interchange of gases

Question 7

Golgi body

Answer 7

1. aka dictyosome
2. system of double membranous sacs
3. packages and secretes cellular products such as enzymes

Question 8

Cell wall structure

Answer 8

1. found around plant cell only
2. non-living layer
3. large spaces in the cell wall make it porous/permeable
4. has pores containing cytoplasmic threads, (plasmodesmata), to connect the cytoplasm of the neighboring cells
5. has 3 layers when mature:
   middle lamella (pectin)
   primary cell wall (cellulose)
   secondary cell wall (cellulose + lignin)

Question 9

Cell wall function

Answer 9

1. rigid + gives shape to plant cells
2. protects cell contents + prevents the plant cell from bursting
3. enables water and dissolved substances to pass freely through it

Question 10

Vacuole structure

Answer 10

1. large fluid-filled organelle surrounded by a membrane known as the tonoplast
2. fluid in the vacuole is know as cell sap
3. plant cells have large vacuoles; animal cells have small vacuoles (if present)

Question 11

Vacuole function

Answer 11

1. provides turgidity to plant cells
2. regulates the water content of cells
3. Store solutes, such as minerals

Question 12

Chloroplast

Answer 12

1. photosynthesis occurs here
2. are plastids
3. contains the green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight
4. other plastids include:
   chromoplasts: red, orange or yellow; give colour to some fruit and vegetables
   leucoplasts: colourless: store starch

Question 13

Cytosol

Answer 13

1. found in plant + animal cells
2. site of most chemical reactions
3. transports minerals, dissolved nutrients and gases by diffusion
4. the fluid in which organelles are found
5. consists on 90% water with dissolved substances
   Inorganic
   gases
   minerals
   Organic
   carbs
   proteins
   fats
   vitamins

Question 14

Cell membrane (structure)

Answer 14

1. aka plasma membrane
2. found in plant + animal cells
3. outer living component of cells which encloses the cytoplasm
4. Has 2 layers of phospholipid molecules
5. each phospho… contains water-attracting head + water-repelling tail

Question 15

Cell membrane (function)

Answer 15

1. controls movement of substances in and out the cell
2. some contain microvilli
3. = DPM (differentially permeable membranes)
4. ways substances pass through the cell membrane:
   passive diffusion
   osmosis
   active transport

Question 16

Nucleus

Answer 16

1. found in all cells
2. surrounded by double nuclear membrane
3. contains DNA +RNA
4. controls protein synthesis
5. nucleolus contains RNA

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

site of protein synthesis

Question 18

endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

Answer 18

1. facilitates transport
2. rough because associated with ribosomes

Question 19

Chromatin material

Answer 19

1. consists of chromosomes made up of DNA
2. genetic material of the cell

Question 20

endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)

Answer 20

1. facilitates transport

Question 21

nucleolus

Answer 21

1. stores/makes RNA
2. has no membrane

Question 22

Nuclear pore

Answer 22

1. allows connection with cytoplasm

Question 23

Nuclear membrane (or envelope membrane)

Answer 23

1. double membrane
2. has pores for transport

Question 24

Nucleoplasm

Answer 24

1. contains free nucleotides