Cells

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

Smallest unit of life, made of organelles (made from molecules)

Question 2

What are the 2 basis of cell theory?

Answer 2

1. Cells are the basic structural and physiological units of all living organisms
2. Every cell originates from another existing cell like it

Question 3

T/F: cells cannot exceed the volume that can be nourished by materials passing through the surface membrane.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

How do cells maintain homeostasis?

Answer 4

Uptake gasses, release waste products, uptake nutrients

Question 5

What do all cells have in common? (4)

Answer 5

1. Discrete units surrounded by a membrane
2. Internal mass of cytoplasm (cytosol & ribosomes)
3. Contain DNA
4. Require energy

Question 6

What are the two componants of the plasma membrane?

Answer 6

Phospholipids, proteins

Question 7

Which is bigger? A eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic

Question 8

What are the plasma membrane functions? (5)

Answer 8

1. Maintain structural integrity
2. Selective permeability
3. Recognition between cells
4. Communication between cells
5. Stick cells together to form tissues and organs

Question 9

What are the componants of the nucleus? (3)

Answer 9

1. Double membrane
2. Nuclear pores
3. Nuclear lamina

Question 10

What are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 10

1. Has chromatin (site of DNA replication
2. Site of transcription
3. Ribosomes produced

Question 11

What is the ER? (3)

Answer 11

1. 1/2 total membrane in cell
2. Continuous with nuclear envelope
3. Network of membrane tubules and sacs (cisternae)

Question 12

T/F: The ER makes up of 1/2 the total membrane in a prokarotic cell.

Answer 12

False, eukaryotic

Question 13

What does the RER do?

Answer 13

The ribosomes make proteins and membrane.
Transports, secretes, and modifies those proteins

Question 14

What are the two sites of protein synthesis?

Answer 14

1. In the cytosol
2. On the outside of the ER

Question 15

T/F: Free ribosomes make proteins that stay inside the cell and ER ribosomes make proteins that are sent out of the cell

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What are the characteristics of the SER?

Answer 16

No ribosomes, variety of metabolic processes

Question 17

What are some of the metabolic processes of the SER?

Answer 17

1. Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids
2. Metabolizes carbs
3. Stores calcium
4. Detoxifies poison

Question 18

T/F: The SERs function will change depending on where the cell is located in the body.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What do the golgi apparatus do? (3)

Answer 19

1. Recieve proteins
2. Further modify proteins
3. Concentrate, package, sort proteins

Question 20

What do the GA do in plants?

Answer 20

Make carbs for cell walls

Question 21

What are some characteristics of the GA (4)

Answer 21

1. Cis and trans side
2. Structurally similar to ER
3. 5-20 cisternae
4. Internal spaces not continuous like ER

Question 22

What are vesicles?

Answer 22

Hollow spherical organelles for transporting proteins

Question 23

What can all the membranes break off and merge with each other?

Answer 23

All are phospholipids

Question 24

What is a vacuole for?

Answer 24

Storage

Question 25

What are the types of vacuoles?

Answer 25

Food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles, central vacuoles.

Question 26

What are some vacuole examples?

Answer 26

Plant tonoplast, paramecium contractile vacuole

Question 27

T/F: vacuoles can give structure to plants?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the pH of lysosomes and why?

Answer 28

5. If it was closer to 7 it would break down our body.

Question 29

Where do primary lysosomes come from?

Answer 29

From the golgi complex

Question 30

Where to the secondary lysosomes come from?

Answer 30

The primary lysosome and a vesicle fusing

Question 31

How many enzymes do lysosomes have

Answer 31

40+

Question 32

What are the functions of the mitochondria?

Answer 32

Makes ATP Cellular respiration Convert food energy to ATP

Question 33

What are the infoldings of the mitochondria called?

Answer 33

Cristae

Question 34

What are the two mitochondria membranes?

Answer 34

outer and inner

Question 35

What is the interior to innner membrane called in the mitochondria?

Answer 35

matrix

Question 36

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 36

member of familty called plastids, pigment found in cells

Question 37

what do chloroplasts do?

Answer 37

Make sugar instead of ATP

Question 38

T/F: mitochondria are found in plants too

Answer 38

true

Question 39

T/F: chlorophyll is the only pigment used for photosynthesis

Answer 39

false

Question 40

What is the interior to inner membrane called in the chloroplast?

Answer 40

Stroma

Question 41

What are thylakoids?

Answer 41

membrane of flattened sacks in the stroma

Question 42

What is each stack of a thylakoid called?

Answer 42

A granum

Question 43

What is the common function of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer 43

Energy conversion

Question 44

What is endosymbiont theory

Answer 44

That mitochondria were originally bacteria until the cell absorbded them and found them useful.

Question 45

What are the 5 pieces of evidence for the endosymbiont theory?

Answer 45

1. inner membranes with enzymes and transport system homologus to prokaryote. 2. Replicate by a splitting process similar to prokaryotic binary fission 3. Each organnell has a single, circular DNA molecule not associated with histone 4. Contiain molecules to make proteins from their DNA 5. ribosomes of mitochondria and plastids are similar to prokaryotic ribosomes

Question 46

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 46

Organelle that transfers hydrogens from substrate to oxygen (converts hydrogen peroxide to water and O2 )

Question 47

T/F: peroxisomes do not self replicate

Answer 47

false