Cells

Question 1

What do all cells have?

Answer 1

• Cell membrane, surrounding cytoplasm
  -Organelles (inside cytoplasm)- carry out functions to keep cell alive

Question 2

What do both animal and Plant cells have?

Answer 2

• cytoplasm
  -cell membrane
• nucleus
• ribosome
• mitochondria

Question 3

What organelles are only found in plant cells?

Answer 3

• chloroplast
• vacuole
• cell wall

Question 4

Function of nucleus

Answer 4

• Controls activity of cell (by making proteins)
  -Contains chromosomes (DNA)

Question 5

Function of cell membrane?

Answer 5

-Boundary between cytoplasm and cell surroundings
-controls what substances enter and leave cell (selectively permeable)

Question 6

cytoplasm function?

Answer 6

-jelly like liquid- where chemical reactions occur

Question 7

mitochondria function?

Answer 7

• carries out some reactions of aerobic respiration, producing ATP

Question 8

Ribosomes function?

Answer 8

-Synthesise proteins from amino acids

Question 9

Chloroplasts (plant only) function?

Answer 9

• absorb light energy and use it to carry out chemical reactions of photosynthesis

Question 10

Cell wall (plant only) function?

Answer 10

• made of cellulose (carbohydrate) to keep plant cells in a fixed shape

Question 11

vacuole (plant only) function?

Answer 11

-filled with watery liquid called cell sap
- stores dissolved sugars, mineral ions and other substances

Question 12

What are cells?

Answer 12

• smallest functional unit of life
• contain a number of organelles- that carry out specific processes the cells need to survive
• (cells in organism not all the same- many types with different jobs- called specialised cells)

Question 13

What are tissues?

Answer 13

-groups of similar cells
- working together to carry out same function

Question 14

What are organs?

Answer 14

• several different tissues
• working together to carry out more complex function
  -eg, muscle tissues make up some of heart

Question 15

What are organ systems?

Answer 15

-made up of several organs
- working together to carry out a complex function essential to life

Question 16

What are specialised cells?

Answer 16

• (all cells start as stem cells, which not specialised by divide over time to make new cells)
  -some stem cells develop new features to have structure and proteins to carry out specific job in an organism- known as specialised cells

Question 17

Function and characteristics of Red Blood cells?

Answer 17

-transport oxygen in the blood
- contains haemoglobin- binds and transports oxygen
- biconcave shaped- large surface area so oxygen can enter and leave more rapidly

Question 18

Function and features of sperm cell?

Answer 18

-transports male genetic material to egg cell
- has flagellum (tail) to allow sperm cell to swim
- many mitochondria- provide energy for swimming
-package of enzymes to digest jelly layer surrounding egg cell
- streamline shape
- no nucleaus

Question 19

Function and features of palisade (leaf) cell?

Answer 19

-carries out photosynthesis
- many chloroplast- trap light energy
-tall and thing- cells can pack tightly together so more light absorbed

Question 20

Phagocyte white blood cells function and features?

Answer 20

-larger cells with multi-lobed nucleus
-engulf and digest pathogens (microorganisms which cause disease)

Question 21

lymphocyte white blood cells functions and features?

Answer 21

• cells with very large nucleus
• make and release antibodies, to bind to and destroy pathogens

Question 22

What are platelets?

Answer 22

• cell fragments
• release chemicals when blood is exposed to air- causes blood to clot (scab)