Nucleus
Stores DNA (genetic information)
Control cell activities (growth, metabolism , reproduction by controlling gene expression)
Control centre of cell
Nucleolus
Synthesizes rRNA and combines with proteins to form the subunits of ribosomes
Nuclear membrane/envelope
Surrounds and protects the nucleus; regulates what enters/exits nucleus
Mitochondria
Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
Endoplasmic reticulum
Makes proteins (with help of ribosomes )
Transport to golgi in vesicles
Smooth ER
Makes lipids (fats) including oils and steroids
Detoxify harmful substances
Stores calcium ions (imp. for muscle cells)
Helps in carbohydrate metabolism
Golgi apparatus
Modifies, sorts and packages proteins and lipids for storage and transport
Vesicles
Transport materials within the cell
Lysosomes
In animal cells
Break down waste, old cell parts and pathogens using enzymes
Cytoskeleton
Maintains cell shape; helps with movement of cell and organelles
Centrioles (animal cells )
Help in cell division by organizing chromosomes.
Peroxisomes
Break down fatty acids and neutralize toxins.
Cell wall (only plant cell)
Rigid outer layer; provides support and protection.
Chloroplasts (only plant cell)
Carry out photosynthesis to make food (glucose-sugar)
Converting sunlight into energy
Central vacuole
Large storage area for water, nutrients, and waste; helps maintain turgor pressure.
Nucleoid
Prokaryotic cell
Region where circular DNA is located (not membrane bound)
Plasmid
Prokaryotic cell
Small circular DNA used in genetic exchange
Capsule
Prokaryotic cell
Outer coating for protection; helps bacteria stick to surfaces
Flagella
Prokaryotic cell
Tail- like structure used for movement
Pili
Prokaryotic cell
Hair-like structures for attachment and DNA transfer (genetic exchange)
