Cells

Question 1

Cell membrane structure

Answer 1

• Phospholipid bylayer
• Contains protein for strength and transport & receptors
• Has carbs to assist in membrane structure
• Cholesterol for membrane strength

Question 2

Cell membrane function

Answer 2

• Thin structure that separates internal components from external environment
• Selectively permeable
• flexible boundary
• Facilitates contact with cells

Question 3

Selectively permeable membrane

Answer 3

Membrane allows certain substances to pass through the membrane or transporter proteins

Question 4

Extracellular fluid

Answer 4

• found in spaces between cells

* found in blood and lymph vessels

Question 5

Intracellular fluid

Answer 5

• Found in living cells
• 66% of body’s water
• Mostly water

Question 6

Diffusion

Answer 6

• passive transport
process
Movement of molecules from a higher area of concentration to a lower area of concentration

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

•Passive transport process

Movement of water molecules from a high concentration to low concentration through a selective permeable membrane

Question 8

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 8

• passive transport process
• Like diffusion but needs protein carrier in the cell membrane
• moves Large molecules and charged atoms

Question 9

Dialysis

Answer 9

• passive transport process
• Diffusion of small particles
• Through a selectively permeable membrane resulting in separation

Question 10

Filtration

Answer 10

• Passive transport process
• Removing particles by passing through a filter
• Controlled by gravity or pressure

Question 11

Phagocytosis

Answer 11

• Active transport process

* A form of endocytosis in which cells take larger solid particles

Question 12

Exocytosis

Answer 12

• Active transport process
• The cell removing a larger particles
• Used during secretion when the cells send out new hormones or Neurotransmitters

Question 13

Active transport

Answer 13

• Active transport process
• Use energy in ATP
• requires a protein carrier in membrane
• moves ion against a concentration low to high
• Na/K pump

Question 14

Hypotonic osmosis

Answer 14

Cell swells

Question 15

Hypertonic osmosis

Answer 15

Cell shrinks

Question 16

Isotonic osmosis

Answer 16

Cell water levels balanced

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

• Control center
• Usually biggest part
• contains genetic info
• Control cell functions
• # 1 basic cell part

Question 18

Nucleolus

Answer 18

Small structures in nucleus

Question 19

Gene

Answer 19

Part of DNA and controls traits

Question 20

Chromatin (chromosomes)

Answer 20

DNA in threadlike form

DNA in 46 short rod structures

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

Nitrogen bases that code all our proteins

Question 22

Ribosomes

Answer 22

Small circle structure; site of protein synthesis

Question 23

Rough ER

Answer 23

To membrane channels that are continuous with the nuclear membrane
Releases calcium

Question 24

Smooth ER

Answer 24

Free of ribosomes
•site of lipid synthesis
•helps make things less toxic

Question 25

Golgi complex

Answer 25

* Flat membrane stacks * ships protein to parts of cell * Secretes lipid from cell

Question 26

Mitochondria

Answer 26

* powerhouse * small sphere and rod shape * makes ATP

Question 27

Lysosomes

Answer 27

* Suicide packets * Spheres of digestive enzymes * Intercellular digestion

Question 28

Vacuole

Answer 28

Fluid filled organelles | Stores digested food and water

Question 29

Centrioles

Answer 29

A pair of cylindrical structures located within the centrosome

Question 30

Centrosome

Answer 30

Dense area | Spherical cytoplasm generally located near nucleus

Question 31

Cilia

Answer 31

Slender projection of cell membrane | Moves across cell surface

Question 32

Microtubules

Answer 32

Straight cylinder structure

Question 33

Microfilaments

Answer 33

Rodlike, variable length, Actin and myosin

Question 34

Mitosis

Answer 34

Formation of two new daughter cells with identical genetic make of parent cells

Question 35

Meiosis

Answer 35

Division of cytoplasm

Question 36

Cytoplasm

Answer 36

``` Fluid inside cell in between organelles #2 basic cell part ```

Question 37

Organelles

Answer 37

``` Cell organs #3 basic cell part ```

Question 38

Cell membrane

Answer 38

``` Protection and boundary of the cell #4 basic cell part ```