OCR Gateway Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Function of the cell membrane (3)

A
  • what enters/leaves cell
  • has a receptor for signals
  • partially permeable membrane
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2
Q
  • what enters/leaves cell
  • has a receptor for signals
  • partially permeable membrane
A

Cell membrane

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3
Q

Function of the nucleus (2)

A
  • genetic info/DNA

- in form of chromosomes

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4
Q
  • genetic info/DNA

- in form of chromosomes

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Function of mitochondria (2)

A
  • enzymes

- site of respiration

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6
Q
  • enzymes

- site of respiration

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

Function of ribosomes (1)

A

-protein synthesis

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8
Q

-protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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9
Q

Function of cytoplasm (2)

A
  • chemical reactions

- water mixed with substances

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10
Q
  • chemical reactions

- water mixed with substances

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

Function of the vacuole (2)

A
  • nourishes the cell

- support/shape of plant

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12
Q
  • nourishes the cell

- support/shape of plant

A

Vacuole

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13
Q

Function of cell wall (2)

A
  • made of cellulose

- structure of plant

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14
Q
  • made of cellulose

- structure of plant

A

Cell wall

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15
Q

Function of chloroplasts (2)

A
  • contains green chlorophyll

- site of photosynthesis

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16
Q
  • contains green chlorophyll

- site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

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17
Q

What is a bacterial cell wall made from?

A

Murein

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18
Q

What are the small circular pieces of DNA in a bacterial cell called?

A

Plasmid

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19
Q

What is a nucleoid?

A

In a bacterial cell, it’s the single chromosome of DNA

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20
Q

What does flagella do?

A

Help cell swim through tissue

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21
Q

Where are respiration enzymes found in a bacterial cell?

A

Mesosome

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22
Q

What is a mesosme?

A

A folding of the cell membrane that has respiration enzymes

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23
Q

What so chloroplasts often contain grains of?

A

Starch

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24
Q

How do ribosomes perform protein synthesis?

A

Joining together amino acids

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25
What is the largest organelle in the cell?
Nucleus
26
What is the nucleus surrounded by?
- nuclear membrane | - with pores
27
What do the pores around the nucleus do?
Allow substances to enter and leave nucleus
28
How does a cell divide? (2)
- DNA supercoils | - Into chloroplasts
29
What is cell membrane made from? (2)
- Fat | - Proteins as receptors
30
How do the contents of the nucleus allow it to carry out its function? (2)
- chromosomes | - carries individual DNA in each cell to control each one
31
Why are there no chloroplasts in opinion cells? (2)
- no sunlight underground | - photosynthesis needs sunlight
32
Specialised cell definition
Cells that have differentiated in order to perform a specific function
33
Sperm function
Fertilise egg cell
34
Palisade cell function
Trap light for photosynthesis
35
Root hair cell function
Absorb water and minerals from soil
36
Muscle cell function
Contracts to move body parts
37
Xylem function
Transport water and minerals in plants
38
Red blood cell function
Transports oxygen
39
Sperm adaptations (3)
- streamlined head - 1/2 nucleus - tail
40
Palisade adaptations (3)
- large surface area - many tightly packed chloroplasts - columnar shape
41
Root hair adaptations (2)
- thin membrane | - large surface area
42
Muscle cell adaptations (2)
- elongated | - contains mitochondria for energy
43
Xylem adaptation (1)
Hollow to carry more
44
Red blood cell adaptations (4)
- large surface area - biconcave disc - contains haemoglobin - no nucleus
45
Tissue definition
Group of cells with similar structure that work together to perform shared function
46
Animal tissues (3)
- muscle - glandular - epithelial
47
Plant tissues (3)
- epidermal - xylem - phloem
48
Muscle tissue
Can contract to produce movement
49
Glandular tissue
Can produce substances such as enzymes and hormones
50
Epithelial tissue
Covers some parts of the body ie skin
51
Epidermal tissue
Covers a plant
52
Xylem tissue
Transports water and dissolved minerals around the plant
53
Phloem tissue
Transports sugars around the plant
54
Organ definition
Collection of tissues working together to perform specific function
55
What tissues is the stomach made from? (3)
- muscular (to churn contents) - glandular (to produce digestive juices) - epithelial (cover the outside and inside)
56
What tissues is the leaf made from? (4)
- mesophyll - xylem - phloem - epidermal
57
What is zygote?
Two fused cells (fertilised egg)
58
What is mitosis?
Cell division
59
What are stem cells?
Unspecialised cells that can turn into anything
60
Issues with using stem cells (3)
- Pass viruses and diseases - uncontrolled growth - rejection
61
Injuries and diseases stem cells are used for (4)
- blindness - spinal injuries - cancer - Parkinson's
62
Where are stem cells found? (5)
- blood/blood vessels - placenta - teeth - brain - bone marrow
63
Difference between adult and embryonic stem cells
Adult: -can only develop into certain specialised cells Embryonic: -can develop into any specialised cell
64
How long is a bacterial cell?
1 micrometer
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