Cells

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

• small structure that contains the chromosomes and regulate the DNA of a cell
• responsible for passing on of genetic traits between generations
• all EUKARYOTIC cells have DNA

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

• highly condensed, threadlike rods of DNA

Question 3

chromatin

Answer 3

consists of DNA and protein that make up chromosome

Question 4

nucleolus

Answer 4

• structure within the nucleus consists of protein

- doesnt have nucleus, is involved in protein synthesis, and synthesizes and store RNA

Question 5

nucleus envelope

Answer 5

• encloses the structures of the nucleus

- consists of inner and outer membranes made of lipids

Question 6

nuclear pores

Answer 6

involved in exchange of material between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 7

nucleoplasm

Answer 7

the liquid within the nucleus, and is similar to cytoplasm

Question 8

ribsome

Answer 8

• involved in SYNTHESIZING PROTEINS FROM AMINO ACIDS

Question 9

golgi apparatus

Answer 9

• involved in synthesizing proteins that are TRANSPORTED OUT of the cell

Question 10

vacuoles

Answer 10

• sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal

- 1 vacuoles in plants but many small in animal

Question 11

vesicle

Answer 11

• small organelle within cell

- has membrane and performs varying functions, including moving materials within a cell

Question 12

cytoskeleton

Answer 12

consists of microtubules that help shape and support the cell

Question 13

microtubules

Answer 13

part of the cytoskeleton and help support the cell

- made of proteins

Question 14

cytosol

Answer 14

the liquid material in the ell

- mostly water, but also contains some floating molecules

Question 15

cell membrane

Answer 15

• defines the cell by acting as a barrier
• helps keep cytoplasm in and substances located outside the cell out
• determines whats allowed to enter and exit cell

Question 16

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

• 2 layers of ER are rough and smooth
• tubular network that comprises the transport system of a cell
• fused to the nuclear membrane and extends through the cytoplasm to the cell membrane

Question 17

mitochondria

Answer 17

• generating ATP, which involves in cell growth and death
• cell signaling (how communications are carried out within a cell
• cellular differentiation (process whereby a non-differentiated cell becomes transformed into a cell with a more specialized purpose)
• cell cycle and growth regulation

Question 18

centrosome

Answer 18

• comprised of the pair of centrioles located at right angles to each other and surrounded by proteins
• involved in mitosis and cell cycle
• maintain equal distribution of the chromosomes

Question 19

centrioles

Answer 19

• cylinder-shaped structures near the nucleus that are involved in cellular division
• each contains 9 groups of 3 microtubules

Question 20

lysosome

Answer 20

• digest proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

- transport undigested substances to the cell membrane so they can be removed

Question 21

cilia

Answer 21

appendages extending from surface of the cell, the movement of which causes the cell to move

Question 22

flagella

Answer 22

tail-like structures on cells that use whip-like movements to help the cell move