What are plant cell’s most distinct feature?
Cell wall
What is the main function of the cell wall?
Provide support and rigidity
Name a few characteristics of a plant cell
- cell wall
- large central vacuole
- undergoes photosynthesis
- contains chloroplasts
What are organelles?
Small structures within a cell to preform different functions
( translates to small organisms )
Cell wall
• rigid layer surrounds cell • made up of cellulose • 3 layers: - primary cell wall - secondary cell wall - middle lamella • main functions: - rigidity and strength - protection against mechanical stress and infection
Cell membrane
- outer boundary of the cell enclosed cytoplasm and organelles of cells
- semi-permeable - allowing specific substances to pass through
Chloroplasts
- elongated disc - containing chlorophyll
- stack of coins
- flattened structures contain chlorophyll
- photosynthesis occurs here
- chlorophyll- green pigment absorbs energy from sunlight to make food
Vacuole
• membrane bound chamber • found in cytoplasm • main functions: - secretion, excretion and storage • tonoplast- vacuole surrounded by membrane
Golgi complex
- look like ER
- near nucleus
- main function: process and package macromolecules synthesized from other parts of cell
- cell’s packaging center
Ribosomes
- smallest and most abundant organelle
- made of RNA and protein
- PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
- found in cells necessary for survival of cell
- protein factories
Cytoplasm
- gel like matrix enclosed by cell membrane
* supports organelles and prevents cells from bursting/shrinking
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• membrane bound compartment
• look like flattened sacs side by side
• large network of interconnecting membrane tunnels
• 2 types:
- smooth ER: site of hormone and fat manufacturer
- rough ER: ( ribosomes ) protein manufacture and transport
Mitochondria
- surrounded by 2 membranes
- power plants
- covert glucose to energy molecules (ATP)
- process its own DNA helps with duplication
Nucleus
- control center of the cell
- bound by nuclear envelope
- porous membrane- allows passage of substances
- most genetic material is organized as multiple linear DNA molecules
- chromatin network unwinds to form DNA + further wound up to create chromosomes
- DNA carries hereditary characteristics
Cytoskeleton
- network of microtubules and microfilament fibers
* give structural support and maintain shape
Lysosomes - animal cell
- digestive system of cell
* digestive enzymes break down waste molecules and help with detoxification of cell
Vacuoles - animal cell
- Bound by single membrane
- storage organelles
- vesicles - Smaller vacuoles
Centrioles of centrosome
- centriole- small day of microtubules arranges specific way
- 9 groups of microtubules
- 2 found - right angle
- found in pairs move towards poles
- During division mitotic spindle at end
- mitotic spindle- process of mitosis and process of meiosis
- usually near nucleus but can’t be seen when not dividing
Cilia and flagella
• structurally identical • different based on function and length • Cilia: - short and large number per cell - power stroke and recovery stroke • Flagella: - long and fewer in cell - wave like movement • organelles of movement
