Cells - Ch. 4

Question 0

What is the strength and weakness of an electron microscope?

Answer 0

Strength: can view very small specimen
Weakness: cannot look at live specimen

Question 1

What does the cell theory state?

Answer 1

1. Every organism is made up of 1 or more cells
2. The cell is the smallest unit still having the properties of life
3. New cells arise only from existing cells

Question 2

What 4 things do all cells have in common?

Answer 2

1. Plasma membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Chromosomes (DNA)
4. Ribosomes

Question 3

organelle

Answer 3

structure with specialized functions within a cell

Question 4

What does the plasma membrane do?

Answer 4

Regulates traffic in/out of cell

Question 5

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Eukaryotic:

• Large, complex
• Animals, plants, fungi, protists
• Has a true nucleus
• Has organelles

Prokaryotic:

• Small, simple
• Eubacteria, Archaea
• No true nucleus; DNA is in nucleoid
• No membrane-bound organelles

Question 6

Which group of cells has a nucleus bordered by a membrane?

Answer 6

Eukaryotic Cells

Question 7

What’s the name of the organelle that produces ATP (energy molecules)?

Answer 7

Mitochondrian

Question 8

What’s the name of the organelle that is the site of photosynthesis and only found in plant cells?

Answer 8

Chloroplast

Question 9

What’s the name of the organelle that stores organic nutrients in plant cells?

Answer 9

Central vacuole

Question 10

What’s the semifluid substance inside a cell called?

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Answer 11

determines cell shape and movement; it is made out of microtubules

Question 12

Explain the plasma membrane’s phospolipid bylayer.

Answer 12

There is a hyprophilic head and hydrophobic tails; it is selectively permeable.

Question 13

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 13

phospholipids and proteins drift and move within the membrane; responsible for letting things in and out

Question 14

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t have?

Answer 14

1. Chloroplast
2. Cell wall
3. Central Vacuole

Question 15

What’s the difference between a Rough ER and a Smooth ER?

Answer 15

The rough ER has attached ribosomes.

Question 16

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Answer 16

Protein synthesis

Question 17

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

Lipid synthesis

Question 18

Lysosome

Answer 18

Sacs of enzymes that function in digestion