Cellular respiration

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

That which is required to do work

Question 2

Energy is required by organisms to do…

Answer 2

• growth
• cell division
• digestion
• movement
• transport substances in the body
• active transport against concentration gradients

Question 3

The primary source of energy for life on earth

Answer 3

The sun

Question 4

ATP

Answer 4

• Adenosine triphosphate
• energy carrier molecule for cells

Question 5

Raw materials needed for cellular respiration

Answer 5

• Glucose
• Oxygen

Question 6

Products of cellular respiration

Answer 6

• Carbon dioxide
• Water
• Energy (ATP formed)

Question 7

Equation for the process of cellular respiration

Answer 7

Question 8

Place where cellular respiration occurs in most cells

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

The inner folds of the mitochondria

Answer 9

Cristae

Question 10

The jelly like substance inside the mitochondria

Answer 10

matrix

Question 11

Reason for the inner folded cristae of a mitochondrion

Answer 11

• Increase surface area
• So that more reactions that take place on this surface can occur

Question 12

Two types of cellular respiration

Answer 12

• Aerobic (requires oxygen)
• Anaerobic (does not require oxygen)

Question 13

Three phases of aerobic respiration

Answer 13

• Glycolysis
• Krebs cycle
• Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 14

Where glycolysis occurs

Answer 14

In the cytoplasm just outsside the mitochondrion

Question 15

What occurs during glycolysis?

Answer 15

• Glucose broken down
• Two pyruvic acid molecules formed
• Energy rich H-atoms released
• Small amount of ATP formed

Question 16

What carries the energy rich H-atoms during aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 16

Coenzymes (hydrogen carriers)

Question 17

Where the Krebs cycle occurs

Answer 17

Inside the mitochondrion

Question 18

What occurs during the Krebs cycle

Answer 18

• Pyruvic acid is broken down in the presence of oxygen
• Energy rich H-atoms are released
• Carbon dioxide is formed

Question 19

Where oxidative phosphorylation occurs

Answer 19

On the inner folds of the cristae

Question 20

What occurs during oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 20

• Energy rich H-atoms are carried to a hydrogen transfer system by coenzymes
• Eah time they are passed to the next hydrogen acceptor energy is released
• The energy is used to form ATP
• Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor, forming water.

Question 21

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 21

• Respiration in the absense of oxygen
• Only glycolysis occurs
• Only a small amount of energy is released

Question 22

Anaerobic respiration in the muscles (lactic acid fermentation)

Answer 22

• During vigorous exercise
• Not enough oxygen present in the muscles
• Only glycolysis takes place
• Pyruvic acid is formed
• Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid

Question 23

What happens to lactic acid in the muscles?

Answer 23

• It is toxic and leads to muscle stiffness and pain
• Oxygen is needed to convert to pyruvic acid
• Moderate exercise and stretching with deep breathing helps muscle stiffness
• With enough oxygen, aerobic respiration takes place and pyruvic acid enters the Kerbs cycle

Question 24

Oxygen debt

Answer 24

The need for oxygen to get rid of lactic acid which accumulates in the cells

Question 25

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 25

* Only glycolysis occurs * Pyruvic acid forms when glucose broken down * Small amount of energy released * Pyruvic acid is broken down forming carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol)

Question 26

The microbe used mainly for anaerobic respiration in beer, wine and bread making

Answer 26

* Yeast cells * (A type of fungi)

Question 27

The microbe used to produce cheese, yogurt and some sour dough breads

Answer 27

Certain strains of bacteria

Question 28

Four beer ingredients

Answer 28

* barley * water * hops * yeast

Question 29

Process of making beer

Answer 29

* Barley germinated then dried and chopped to form malted barley * Malted barley mixed with water to dissolve sugars * The liquid, called wort, is collected * Hops are added (bitterness and flavour) and boiled * Yeast is added and the mixture ferments * The carbon dioxide give the beer bubbles and ethanol is formed * The yeast cells sink to the bottom and the beer is cooled, filtered and bottled

Question 30

The process of making wine

Answer 30

* Grapes are pressed * Pulp (must) is forms which starts to naturally ferment * Fermentation is continued with added yeast in vats * The sugar is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide * The wine is filtered and then further fermented * Stored in vats or barrels to age before being bottled

Question 31

The process of baking bread

Answer 31

* Flour, water, salt and yeast are mixed * The yeast feeds on the flour and forms ethanol and carbon dioxide * The dough rises as the gluten in the dough forms bubbles of carbon dioxide * The bread is baked and the ethanol evaporates and the yeast is killed.

Question 32

The process of making cheese

Answer 32

* Lactic acid bacteria are added to milk * The acid produced causes the milk to curdle * Rennin is added to further clump the milk * The whey is removed and the curds are compressed * The cheese is allowed to age

Question 33

Similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 33

* Glucose is broken down * Carbon dioxidde is released * Energy is released

Question 34

How aerobic respiration is different from anaerobic?

Answer 34

* It occurs with oxygen * Products are carbon dioxide and water * A much larger amount of energy is produced * Takes also takes place inside the mitochondrion

Question 35

How anaerobic respiration is different from aerobic?

Answer 35

* It occurs without oxygen * Products are lacic acid or carbon dioxide and ethanol * Only a small amount of energy released * Only takes place in the cytoplasm