Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What types of molecules can be broken down?

Answer 1

Any food (organic) molecules, or nutrients, including carbohydrates, fats/lipids, and proteins can be processed and broken down as a source of energy to produce ATP.

Question 2

Energy Review.

1. Energy storing molecules:
2. Properties of ATP:

Answer 2

1. ATP(adenosine triphosphate), NADPH(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), FADH₂(flavin adenine dinucleotide), NADH(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
2. ATP supplies most of the energy that drives metabolism in living things, ATP releases energy when converted into ADP by breaking high energy phosphoanhydride bonds.

Question 3

What will the ATP be used for?

Answer 3

ATP will release energy for cellular metabolic processes.

• For Example:
  
  1. Active transport of molecules across the cell membrane.
  2. Protein synthesis
  3. Muscle contractions

Question 4

Cellular Respiration Overview

Answer 4

Living things get most of the energy they need from glucose.

• Autotrophs make glucose using photosynthesis
• Heterotrophs get glucose from the food they eat

Cellular Respiration: The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Question 5

Cellular Respiration Equation:

Answer 5

6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

Question 6

What are the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration?

What is the main energy product?

Answer 6

1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb’s Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain

ATP is the main energy produce

Question 7

Where does Glycolysis occur?

Answer 7

The cytoplasm of the cell

Question 8

Label:

Answer 8

Question 9

What does the mitochondria have to do with the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 9

• The mitochondria is the organelle where the final stages of cellular respiration occurs.
  
  • Kreb’s cycle
  • Electron Transport Chain
• Cells that use a lot of energy have high numbers of mitochondria.
  
  • Example: Muscle cells in the heart!!

Question 10

Where does the Kreb cycle occur?

Answer 10

It occurs in the Matrix of the mitochondria.

Question 11

Summary of what occurs in the Kreb’s Cycle.

Answer 11

• It’s an Aerobic process
• Pyruvic Acid from Glycolsis enters to form
  
  • 1 ATP
  • 3 NADH
  • 1 FADH₂
  • CO₂

Question 12

Electron Transport Chain Summary:

Answer 12

Energy carrier molecules produced during Glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle enter the ETC

• NADH
• FADH₂

The electrons are passed down a chain of proteins until they reach the final electron acceptor….. Oxygen

Therefore, it is an aerobic reaction.

Question 13

Where does the Electron Transport Chain Occur?

Answer 13

This occurs in the folds of the inner membrane of the Mitochondria. (The Cristae)

Question 14

What does ETC produce?

Answer 14

• 32ATP
• H₂O

Question 15

Meaning of respiration:

(2)

Answer 15

1. To respire - to breathe resulting in gas exchange in the lungs.
2. Cellular respiration - to break down sugar in the presence of oxygen

Question 16

What does Anaerobic Respiration mean?

Answer 16

Without oxygen - standard in yeast and some bacteria

Question 17

What does Aerobic Respiration mean?

Answer 17

With oxygen - standard in some bacteria and eukaryotes.

Question 18

What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 18

To harvest energy from Acetyl CoA.

Question 19

What comes into the cycle and from where?

Answer 19

Acetyl CoA from Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex.

Question 20

For each glucose broken down in glycolysis how many times will this cycle occur?

Answer 20

Twice

Question 21

Label:

Answer 21