Cerebral Surface

Question 1

Difference in size of corresponding lobe and bone of the same name

Answer 1

Question 2

Structures in the ethmoid bone

Answer 2

Olfactory nerves

Cribriform plate

Question 3

Structures in the sphenoid bone

Answer 3

Pituitary gland

Diaphragm sella - meningeal dural fold

Question 4

Importance of cerebrum

What is it responsible for

Contents of cerebrum

Answer 4

Newest (evolutionarily) and largest part of the brain as a whole

• Perception, thought, imagination, judgement, decision making
• Contains an outer surface/cortex and deeper grey matter areas termed SUBCORTICAL NUCLEI

Question 5

What are subcortical nuclei

Answer 5

Deeper grey matter areas in the cerebrum (also some in the diencephalon)

Question 6

Contents of diencephalon

Answer 6

Thalamus & hypothalamus

Some of subcortical nuclei of the brain

Question 7

Describe the brainstem

Answer 7

The continuation of the spinal cord

Consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

Question 8

What is the 2nd largest part of the brain

Answer 8

Cerebellum

Question 9

Sagittal view of the brain

Answer 9

Question 10

Why is the cerebral cortex known as “the seat of our intelligence”

Answer 10

Neurons in the cortex that we are able to read, write, speak, remember, and plan our life

Question 11

What does the cerebrum consist of

Answer 11

An outer cerebral cortex

An internal region of cerebral white matter

Grey matter nuclei deep within the white matter termed Sub-Cortical nuclei

Question 12

Define grey matter

Answer 12

• Grey because it lacks myelin
• Formed from neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

Question 13

Define white matter

Answer 13

Formed from aggregations of myelinated axons from many neurons

The lipid part of myelin imparts the white appearance

Question 14

Medial view of tracts revealed by removing grey matter from a midsaggital section

Answer 14

Question 15

Influence of grey matter development on the formation of gyri and sulci

Answer 15

During embryonic development, the grey matter of the brain develops faster than the white matter - the cortical region rolls and folds on itself

Convolutions and grooves are created in the cortex during this growth process

Question 16

Define gyri

Answer 16

Folds

Question 17

Define fissures

Answer 17

Deepest grooves between gyri

Question 18

Define sulci

Answer 18

The shallower grooves between folds

Question 19

What does the longitudinal fissure separate

Answer 19

The cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

What does the central sulcus divide

Answer 20

The anterior frontal lobe from the more posteriorly situated parietal lobe

Question 21

Where is the precentral gyrus located

What is contained in it

Answer 21

Immediately anterior to the central sulcus in the frontal lobe

Contains the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex

Question 22

# Define the primary motor area
Where is it found

Answer 22

• Where the sginal and fibres finally depart the cortex to exit via the spinal cord carrying signals to the hand e.g. allowing you to carry out your decision to lift a finger by contracting the relevant muscle
• Located in the precentral gyrus, immediately anterior to the central sulcus in the frontal lobe

Question 23

Where is the postcentral gyrus located

What is contained in it

Answer 23

• Immediately posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe
• contains the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex

Question 24

Define primary somatosensory area

Answer 24

• Where a signal that your finger touched the button first arrives in the cortex allowing you to perceive senses from the body
• Located in the postcentral gyrus, located immediately posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe

Question 25

Name the gyri

Answer 25

Question 26

What is plasticity

Answer 26

The brain changes over a lifespan

Question 27

What bone is associated with the external auditory canal/meatus

Answer 27

Temporal

Question 28

How do the frontal bone & lobe compare

Answer 28

Frontal lobe is larger than the frontal bone

Question 29

Where does the diencephalon sit

Answer 29

Medial and deep to the cerebral hemispheres

Question 30

What is the thalamus

Answer 30

A major relay station for signals to get to the cortex relays motor instructions from the cortex to the brainstem, spinal cord and the body's muscles

Question 31

What is in the brainstem

Answer 31

Brainstem contains nuclei that are critical to life ie cardiac and resp control areas

Question 32

What is the cerebellum responsible for

Answer 32

Meta analysis of speech and physical task performance monitoring

Question 33

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 33

Separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 34

What is the outer cerebral cortex/mantle composed of

Answer 34

Grey matter

Question 35

What lies under the cortex

Answer 35

An internal region of cerebral white matter & grey matter deep within the white matter =\> SUB-CORTICAL NUCLEI

Question 36

Central sulcus

Answer 36

Marks the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobe

Question 37

Precentral gyrus

Answer 37

Primary motor cortex

Question 38

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 38

Posterior to central sulcus Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 39

3 different types of cortex

Answer 39

Paleo - oldest Archo - intermediate Neo - newest V1 in occipital cortex represents the primary termination zone of the visual pathway arising as the optic nerve in the retina V1 is high in muscarinic 2 receptors - primary visual cortex and exists either side of the calcurine fissure

Question 40

What happens when myelin is degraded and signal compromised

Answer 40

Disorders such as MS and difficulty controlling muscles

Question 41

White matter is used to...

Answer 41

Carry signals between 2 grey matter regions

Question 42

Can a function be assigned to a particular cortical area

Answer 42

We're generalising when we do and potentially wrong

Question 43

What is the faster grey matter growth (over white matter growth) due to

Answer 43

Mechanical forces of tissue with cranium being a limiting factor