is commonly defined as a machine or device that performs processes,
calculations, and operations based on a set of given instructions.
Computer
comprises the electronic components of our computers that allow it to not only operate
but also interact with users.
Hardware
is also responsible for this as well, for without the proper software on our computers
we will be unable to interact and instruct the computer to perform our desired processes.
Software
Behind all the flamboyant hardware designs and extravagant displays, the computer is made of
electronic components. We have the following basic components of any computer system:
Processor
Memory
I/O
System Bus
which performs all the computations. Generally composed of the Control
Unit (CU) and the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU).
Processor
– the real or primary memory, volatile. Also known as the RAM
Memory
allows the computer to interact with users or other devices.
I/O
allows communication among the processors, main memory, and I/O.
System Bus
The basic unit in such a system is called a
binary digit or a bit
In computer systems storage, we do not say 1,000 bytes or 1 kilobytes of data
Instead, we say 1,024 bytes or a kibibyte
(which is easy for the computer but error-prone for humans)
Machine language
(Easy for humans, but error-prone for computers)
Natural language
(Not too easy for either humans or computer, an acceptable
tradeoff)
High-level language
is known to be a very powerful language
C++
is simply a number list of instructions to perform some task. It is a design
tool used for larger programs.
Pseudocode
Basic elements of Pseudocode
a. A Variable
b. Assignment Operation
Basic Operation of Pseudocode
Read Operation
Read the User Input
Print the Output of the User
Carry Out Basic Arithmetic Computation
Indicates any type of internal operation inside the Processor or Memory
Terminal
Rectangle
Used for any Input / Output (I/O) operation. Indicates that the computer is to obtain data or output results
Input/Output
Inclined Rectangle
Used to ask a question that can be answered in a binary format (Yes/No, True/False)
Decision
Diamond
Allows the flowchart to be drawn without intersecting lines or without a reverse flow.
Connector
Circle
Used to invoke a subroutine or an Interrupt program.
Predefined Process
Rectangle with Horizontal lines on each end
Indicates the starting or ending of the program, process, or interrupt program
Terminal
Curved Rectangle
