the characteristics of an organism
-shaped by environment and inheritance
traits
ex:7in’, red, blk, brown
The passing of traits from parent to offspring
heredity
encode the hereditary material that influence trains
genes
Genetics span 5+ levels of biological organization
molecular cellular organismal population species
Central Dogma of Genetics (process/picture)
- DNA replication
- Chromosomal DNA
- Transcription
- Messenger DNA
- Translation
- Polypeptide
makes DNA copies that are transmitted from cell to cell and from parent to offspring
DNA replication
stores info in units called genes
Chromosomal DNA
produces an RNA copy of a gene
transcription
a temp. copy of a gene that contains info to make a polypeptide
messenger RNA
becomes part of a functional protein that contributes to an organisms traits
polypeptide
proteins perform a myriad of cellular functions ________ _________, ___________,___________ ________ _______
chemical receptors, enzymes, structural components of cells
__________ are composed of one or more polypeptide chains of amino acids
proteins
alternative forms of same gene
allele
non-somatic cells=
gametes (sperm, eggs, pollen, spores)
genetic evolution occurs at the _________level
population
the most basic unit of evolution is the change in ____________ ___________ in a pop
allele frequencies
