Ch. 10 b Flashcards by Kayla Keckeisen

Q

Paresis

A

Partial paralysis or weakness

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Q

Paralysis

A

Complete lack of strength, inability to move

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Q

Atrophy

A

Shrinking muscle tissue, lack of contraction

Disuse: Mild to moderate
Denervation (neurogenic): Disconnected from its nerve supply

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Q

Involuntary Muscle Contractions

A

Heavy work, dehydration or electrolyte imbalances

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Q

Muscle Spasms

A

Temporary, involuntary contraction of muscle

(Type of Involuntary Muscle Contraction)

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Q

Muscle cramps

A

Spasm that lasts longer

(Type of Involuntary Muscle Contraction)

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Q

Fasciculations

A

Involuntary contraction of whole motor unit (ex: eye twitch)

(Type of Involuntary Muscle Contraction)

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Q

Myoclonus

A

Ex: almost asleep and jerk awake

(Type of Involuntary Muscle Contraction)

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Q

Tremor

A

Involuntary oscillation/movement of limb or body part
- Rest: present at rest, gone w/movement
- Intension: present during movement, not at rest

(Type of Involuntary Muscle Contraction)

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Q

Fibrillations

A

Undetectable depolarization of one single muscle fiber

(Type of Involuntary Muscle Contraction)

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Q

Hypotonia (flaccidity)

A

Damage to LMN’s
- NO tone what so ever
- Feel like jello, soft and squishy

(Type of Abnormal Muscle Tone)

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Q

Spastic Hypertonia

A

Too much tone
Velocity dependent

(Type of Abnormal Muscle Tone)

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Q

Rigid Hypertonia

A

Too much tone
NOT velocity dependent - always there

(Type of Abnormal Muscle Tone)

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Q

Cerebral Shock

A

Neurons in head don’t function (ex: after stroke) for short period of time

(Type of Abnormal Muscle Tone)

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Q

Spinal Shock

A

Neurons around spinal cord - don’t work for short period of time

(Type of Abnormal Muscle Tone)

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Q

What are the signs & symptoms of LMN disorders?

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A

Loss of reflexes - dimished stretch reflex
Atrophy of degeneration - complete atrophy
Disorders of muscle tone (hypotonia/flaccidity)
Paralysis (“flaccid” paralysis)
Fibrillations

Examples: Peripheral nerve injury, post-polio syndrome, ALS

Q

What are the signs & symptoms of UMN disorders?

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A

Paresis/paralysis (“spastic” paralysis) - local stretch reflexs grows (hypertonisity)
Loss of fractionation of movement - damage to lat corticospical
Abnormal reflexes
- Abnormal cutaneous reflexes
- Muscle stretch hyperflexia/Spacticity
Hypertonia
Disorders of muscle contractions
Muscle Hyperstiffness

Q

What is an abnormal cutaneous reflex?

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A

Ex: Babinski

Normal - stroke bottom of foot, big toe goes down

Abnormal - stroke bottom of foot, big toe goes up

Q

What is Spastic Hypertonia?

What disorder can cause this?

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A

Same as spacticity/hyperreflexia
Ex: Spinal cord injury

Q

What are the two types of Hyperreflexia/Spacticity?

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A

Clonus: repeating hyperreflexia or repeating
Clasp-knife response: muscle stretched quickly tightens fast, then relaxes

Q

What is Rigid Hypertonia?

What disorder can cause this?

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A

NOT velocity dependent
Result of extra AP’s coming down from damaged brain.
- LMN constantly rigid
Ex: Parkinson’s Disease

Q

Decerebrate Rigidity

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A

limbs and trunk extended

Upper limbs IR & feet plantar flexed

(arm point down like cerebellum below cortex)

Q

Decorticate Rigidity

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A

lower limbs extended and feet plantarflexed

Upper limbs flexed

(arms point up toward cerebral cortex)

Q

What is Muscle Overactivity?

What disorder can cause this?

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A

Activity dependent
Helper’s acting w/o direction
Ex: Stroke

Disorders of muscle contraction: Delayed Initiation

Muscles don’t turn on fast enough

Disorders of muscle contraction: Slow force production

Muscles don’t develop as muscle force as they need as quick as they need

Disorders of muscle contraction: Prolonged contraction time

Damaged brain doesn’t let muscles relax in time

Disorders of muscle contraction: Disordered coordination of agonists and antagonists

Abnormally strong co-contraction

Disorders of muscle contraction: Decreased fractionation

Damage to lateral corticospinal system (biggest director/controller of fractionation)

Disorders of muscle contraction: Abnormal (“stereotyped”) muscle synergies

What are the 4 types of Muscle Hyperstiffness?

* **Myoplastic Hyperstiffness** * ****mechanical stiffness - NOT due to inc tone * contractures, atrophy of fast twitch fibers * **Spasticity (Muscle stretch hyperreflexia)** * ****UMN's damaged = reflex loop stronger * **Rigidity** * ****NON-velocity dependent hypertonia * **Muscle Overactivity** * ****ex: helpers get the message, directors can control