Ch 14

Question 1

Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 1

• barrier protects brain cells from pathogens and harmful subs.

Question 2

Tight Junctions

Answer 2

Seal the endothelial cells that line the capillaries in the Brain, these cells also have a thick basement membrane.

Question 3

CSF

Answer 3

• a clear colorless fluid that circulates in subarachnoid space and spaces around the brain and spinal cord.
• produced by ependymal cells of the choroid plexus which is located in ventricles of the brain.
• serves as shock absorber for brain and spinal cord.
• provides proper chem environment for nerve impulse transmission.

Question 3

Astrocytes reinforce (meningeal cells)

Answer 3

this boundary and help supply certain nutrients

Question 4

Brain Stem:
(Pons)

Answer 4

• superior to medulla oblongata; anterior to cerebellum)
• contains respiratory centers
• cranial nerves 3 and 4 come off of this region.

Question 4

Brain Stem:
(Medulla Oblongata)

Answer 4

• lies superior to the spinal cord; inferior portion of brain stem.
• contains sensory and motor tracts and areas or crossing over of these tracts (Decussation of Pyramids)
• contains cardiovascular center which regulates rate and force of heartbeat.
• contains respiratory centers
• 8-12 come off this region.

Question 5

Cerebellum

Answer 5

located in the posterior, inferiorly aspect of the cranial cavity.
- transverse fissure separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.
- has 2 hemispheres that have 3 lobes each
- Vermis - central region that connects the hemispheres
- coordinates complex motor activity that was initiated in the cerebrum, balance and posture

Question 6

Brain Stem:
(Midbrain)

Answer 6

• relays info between the pons and diencephalon
• contains reflex centers for the eye, ear, head and neck movements
• cranial nerves 3 and 4 come off of this region.

Question 7

Cerebellar Cortex

Answer 7

outer portion, gray matter

Question 8

Cerebellar Medulla

Answer 8

inner portion, gray matter

Question 9

Thalamus

Answer 9

makes up most of the Diencephalon
- contains relay centers for impulse-directed toward the cerebral cortex and other regions of the brain (except for smell)
- filter info

Question 10

Hypothalamus (control center)

Answer 10

lies inferior to the thalamus
- pituitary gland (hangs) from inferior surface and is attached by the infundibulum
- produces hormones for posterioir pituitary gland and regulates the entire pituitary gland
- controls automatic nervous system functions: temp, regulation, hunger, thirst, gland activity.

Question 11

Cerebrum

Answer 11

largest region of the brain
- has two hemispheres with 4 lobes (temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal lobes)

Question 12

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 12

outer rim gray matter

Question 13

Gyri

Answer 13

Folds on the surface of the cerebrum

Question 13

Sulci

Answer 13

shallow grooves between Gyri

Question 14

Fissure

Answer 14

deep grooves that separate portions of the brain

Question 15

ex: transverse fissure

Answer 15

separates cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 16

ex: medial longitudinal fissure

Answer 16

separates cerebral hemispheres

Question 17

Primary Somatosensory Area (Cortex)

Answer 17

associated with the post - central Gyrus
receives sensory info from the body

Question 18

Primary Visual Area (Cortex)

Answer 18

associated with the posterior portion of the occipital lobe
receives impulses associated with vision

Question 19

Primary Motor Area (Cortex)

Answer 19

associated with the pre-central Gyrus (affects skeletal muscle)
controls specific motor activity for skeletal muscles

Question 20

Cranial Nerve 1 = Olfactory nerve

Answer 20

sensory nerves that delivers olfactory sensations (smell) to the brain
- olfactory tracts carry the nerve impulses to the brain

Question 21

Cranial Nerve 7 = Facial nerve

Answer 21

associated with sensory info for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. (tasting sugar)
provides motor innervation to the trout, neck, and visceral activity.

Question 22

Cranial nerve 10 = Vagus nerve

Answer 22

extends throughout the head, neck, thorax and abdomen associated with sensory info for taste in the throat, neck, and visceral activity.

Question 23

Cranial Nerve 11 = Accessory nerve

Answer 23

originates from the brain stem and upper spinal cord associated with proprioception (position sense) in the neck provides motor innervation to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Question 24

Cranial Nerve 12= Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 24

associated with proprioception in the tongue provides motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue.