Ch 14

Question 1

Infections are caused by a variety of ___

Answer 1

Microorganisms

Question 2

Microorganisms that cause infection in humans are referred to as ____

Answer 2

Pathogens

Question 3

Many microorganisms protect us from harmful pathogens as well as helping us break down and digest food. These microorganisms are referee to as _____ ____

Answer 3

Normal flora

Question 4

_____ microorganisms are classified as bacteria, viruses, Protozoa, fungi or helminths

Answer 4

Pathogenic

Question 5

____ is one celled microorganisms found virtually everywhere, including human bodies

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

Rickettsia are often spread through bites of insects, such as ticks, and mites are called ____

Answer 6

Vectors

Question 7

Tiny parasites that live within the cells of the host and reproduce there are ____

Answer 7

Viruses

Question 8

An example of ____ is yeast and mold

Answer 8

Fungi

Question 9

An example of _____ is worms

Answer 9

Helminths

Question 10

In order for infection to spread from one person to another, a chain of events must occur called _____ ___ ____

Answer 10

Chain of infection

Question 11

_____ _____ infection is an infection that is acquired while the patient is being cared for in any healthcare setting.

Answer 11

Health care-associated infection

Question 12

_____ infections are caused by one pathogen only

Answer 12

Primary

Question 13

_____ infections are caused by a second different pathogen

Answer 13

Secondary

Question 14

If an infection spreads from the lungs to another organ it is called ______ infection, spreading through the blood stream

Answer 14

Systemic infection

Question 15

When microorganisms are present and multiplying in the blood, it is referred to as ____

Answer 15

Septicemia

Question 16

______ precautions are a group of safety measures performed to prevent the transmission of pathogens found in the blood and body fluid

Answer 16

Standard precautions

Question 17

______-______ precautions as used to prevent the spread of the known infection to the patients or healthcare staff.. used when a patient has a communicable illness

Answer 17

Transmission based illness

Question 18

______ _____ refers to the practices performed to prevent the spread of infection

Answer 18

Medical asepsis

Question 19

______ is a cleaning agent that will remove most pathogens

Answer 19

Disinfectant

Question 20

Discuss proper hand washing techniques

1. When using alcohol based gel correctly, apply product to palm of one hand and rub your hands together covering all surfaces until hands are dry
2. alcohol based hand held should be used before and after care of each patient; gloves should be changed before and after each patient
3. if hands are visibly Soiled then wash with soap and water
4. Hand hygiene does not eliminate need for gloves and still need hand hygiene after gloves

Answer 20

Healthcare personnel should avoid wearing artificial nails and keep natural nails 1/4 inch long if they are caring for patients at high risk for infections

Question 21

Standard precautions

1. Hand hygiene-wash hands for 20 seconds
2. Gloves-wear when touching any body fluid or non intact skin
3. Gown- wear when performing procedures
4. Mask- wear during procedures that could cause splash of fluids or blood
5. Needles and other sharps-in puncture resistant container
6. Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, cough into tissue or cough into upper sleeve and use hand hygiene after

Answer 21

Know

Question 22

Types of pathogens

1. Bacteria
2. viruses
3. Protozoa
4. Fungi
5. Helminths

Answer 22

Know

Question 23

____ means without infections

Answer 23

Asepsis

Question 24

What means infections

Answer 24

Sepsis

Question 25

___ needs oxygen to survive (easier to kill)

Answer 25

Aerobic

Question 26

____ can live without oxygen (harder to kill)

Answer 26

Anaerobic

Question 27

____ are the smallest of organisms

Answer 27

Viruses

Question 28

____ is single celled animals that live in water. Ingested by humans through water or food

Answer 28

Protozoa

Question 29

___ is pneumonia’s

Answer 29

Mycoplasma

Question 30

_____ May be the reason for neurological disorders

Answer 30

Prions

Question 31

``` Chain of infection occurs in this order 1. Infectious agents 2. Reservoir 3. Portal of exit 4. Mode of transmission 5. Portal of entry 5 susceptible host ```

Answer 31

I.really.play.more.play.station. (Menomic to remember)

Question 32

___ is an object transferred

Answer 32

Fomite

Question 33

____ infection is an infection in one area of the body

Answer 33

Localized infection

Question 34

Hand soap antisepsis with alcohol is most effective

Answer 34

Know

Question 35

When you use friction during hand washing you get rid of _____ microorganisms & resident microorganisms

Answer 35

Transient microorganisms

Question 36

_____ asepsis refers to practices performed to prevent spread of infection

Answer 36

Medical asepsis

Question 37

____ asepsis is cleaning technique

Answer 37

Medical asepsis

Question 38

____ asepsis is sterile technique

Answer 38

Surgical technique

Question 39

_____ decreases number of microorganisms

Answer 39

Bacteriostatic

Question 40

________ kills microorganisms

Answer 40

Bactericidal

Question 41

People who have a decreased immune system would be placed in a ____ protective room where patient is being protected from everyone else

Answer 41

Neutropenic

Question 42

______ is spreaded by close contact and can be transferred to healthy people

Answer 42

MRSA

Question 43

You can treat MRSA with _____,______, or _____ and can be DX by a culture

Answer 43

Vancomycin, Bactrim, and Clindamyxcin

Question 44

____ is the most common cause of health care infections People whom are at risk are people with cancer, GI issues Patient is to be placed in a private room with precautions NO ANTIDIARRHEAS

Answer 44

C diff

Question 45

Hep ____ is spread by a food or water source

Answer 45

Hep A

Question 46

Is there a vaccine for hep a?

Answer 46

Yes

Question 47

Hep __ is transmission of blood, saliva and semen

Answer 47

Hep B

Question 48

Is there a vaccine for hep B

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

Hep __ is transmission of blood and semen

Answer 49

Hep c

Question 50

Is there a vaccine for hep C

Answer 50

No

Question 51

Hep _____ transmission is blood only

Answer 51

D

Question 52

Is there a vaccine for hep D

Answer 52

No

Question 53

``` Symptoms of hepatitis is 1.RUQ discomfort 2.anorexia 3. Weight loss 4. Fever 5 chills 6 jaundice 7 dark urine ``` ``` Treatment is 1 rest 2 activity as tolerated 3 nutrition 4 hydration ```

Answer 53

Know

Question 54

____ are resistant strains of enterococcus and may be resistant to current available antibiotics. Prevent us hand washing with antiseptic soap containing chlorehexidine Patient should be in a private room or in contact isolation precautions

Answer 54

VRE

Question 55

HIV is transmission from sexual intercourse, blood or blood products, and perinatal transmission. Not from tears, kissing or hugging. Rare to get it from a bite. Must be human to human sxs Fever Weight loss, diarrhea, night sweats, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, skin rashes and neuro disorders

Answer 55

Initial screening is ELISHA followed with a western blot Also a CD4 cell count or percentage, viral load Treat with antiviral therapy

Question 56

The most common park of microorganism transmission is by ____ contact

Answer 56

Direct

Question 57

____ precautions is used on all patients

Answer 57

Standard

Question 58

You will use ____ ____ precautions when someone has a known communicable illness that can be spread through contact; through respiratory, droplets, or through the air

Answer 58

Transmission based

Question 59

Contact transmission based precautions 1. Put on gloves and gown when entering the room •to prevent the transmission of pathogens spread by direct or indirect contact when patient is infected with MRSA, VRE, and c diff

Answer 59

Know this

Question 60

Droplet transmission based precaution 1. Put on a mask when entering the room If patient has HINI flu N95 respirator is needed * to prevent transmission of pathogens spread through close contact with respiratory secretions or mucous membranes * flu, group a Strep, bacterial meningitis, rubella

Answer 60

Know

Question 61

Airborne transmission based precautions 1. Put on fit tests N95 or higher respiration when entering the room Patient must be placed in an airborne infection isolation room with negative pressure • to prevent transmission of pathogens small enough to suspend in the air and spread through air currents Examples TB, measles, chickenpox, severe acute respiratory syndrome

Answer 61

Know

Question 62

Donning personal protective equipments 1. Perform hand hygiene 2. Hold gown by shoulders and allow it to unfold to prevent containing outside of gown 3 slip your arms through gown sleeves 4 pull down up onto your shoulders by grasping inside of the gown at the shoulders to prevent outside of gown touching ungloved hands 5fasten gown in back at the neck and waist 6 place on mask Bend flexible band across the bridge of nose Pull cotton she of mask down

Answer 62

``` 7 Put on goggles 8 put in hair cover 9 put shoe cover over each show 10 donning gloves 11 pull cuff edges of gloves over the wrist of isolation gown ```

Question 63

Physiologic defenses against infections and factors which may decrease defenses are what? There are 8

Answer 63

1. Age 2. Chemical exposure 3. Chronic illness 4. Lack of exercise 5 lack of rest 6 increased stress 7 nonintact skin 8 poor nutrition