GIS > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What is a map?

A

A scale model representation of reality

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2
Q

____ maps are used for nominal data

A

Single symbol

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3
Q

___ maps are used for categorical and ordinal data

A

unique values

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4
Q

Many types of maps are used for ___ data

A

numeric

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5
Q

Give an example of a type of map used for numeric data

A

Graduated color maps.
Graduated symbol maps.
Dot density maps.
Chart maps

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6
Q

____ represents features or quantities, such as roads,
geology, elevation, or vegetation density (Fig. 2.14).

A

thematic raster

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7
Q

What map type does a basemap use?

A

single symbol

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8
Q

What map types can a thematic map uise?

A

unique value, graduate colors or symbols, dot density, charts)

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9
Q

What is the difference between basemaps and thematic maps?

A

A basemap is different than a map theme because it shows basic information about a region such as roads, parcels, and water bodies. Map themes are optional layers that display specific information over the basemap, such as conservation lands or hurricane flood zones.

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10
Q

Unique values maps are used for _____ and ____ data

A

categorical and ordinal

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11
Q

Single symbol maps are used for ____ data

A

nominal

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12
Q

____ maps are used for numeric data

A

many (graduated color/symbol, dot density, charts)

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13
Q

___ data names or uniquely identifies objects

A

nominal

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14
Q

What is nominal data?

A

Data that names or uniquely identifies objects

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15
Q

Give an example of nominal data

A

country names, capital cities, rivers, water bodies

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16
Q

How are nominal data usually portrayed?

A

single symbol map

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17
Q

In ___ data, features belong to categories.

A

Categorical

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18
Q

What is categorical data?

A

Data where features belong to categories

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19
Q

What kind of map is used to portray categorical data?

A

unique values map

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20
Q

What are examples of categorical data?

A

Rock types, volcano types, highway classes, land cover class

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21
Q

____ data is a type of categorical data where the categories are ranked along a scale.

A

ordinal data

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22
Q

Give an example of ordinal data

A

Tree Planting Potential:
(0) Unsuitable
(1) Marginal
(2) Acceptable
(3) ideal

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23
Q

This is an example of what kind of data?

Tree Planting Potential:
(0) Unsuitable
(1) Marginal
(2) Acceptable
(3) ideal

A

Ordinal data

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24
Q

rock type, volcano type, highway class, or land cover class

This is an example of what kind of data?

A

categorical

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25
Country names (labelled) Capital Cities (stars) Rivers (labelled) Water bodies This is an example of what kind of data?
nominal data
26
What kind of map is used for ordinal data?
a unique values map with a single-hue color scheme
27
___ data places values along a regular numeric scale
numeric interval data
28
elevation along the Georgia Coast (includes below sea level) This is an example of what kind of data?
Numeric - Interval data
29
What is the only kind of numeric value that can have negative values?
interval numeric data
30
What is an example of interval numeric data?
temperature, population change
31
_______ data places values along a regular scale with a meaningful zero point (no negative values)
Numeric ratio data
32
Population of state capitals. This is an example of what kind of data?
Population can’t have negative values, so they are ratio numeric data
33
What kind of numeric data cannot be negative?
ratio data
34
What is the purpose of classifying numeric data?
Divides data values in class ranges, each with its own symbol. The same data can look very different dependent on classficiation.
35
What are the benefits of Jenks Natural Breaks classification?
Exploits natural gaps in the data Good for unevenly distributed or skewed data Default method that works well for most data sets
36
What method of classifying data uses Jenks Optimization method?
Jenks Natural Breaks classification
37
What method of classifying data produces equal sized classes?
Defined interval or equal interval classification
38
The ____ classification puts the same number of features in each class (linear data distribution)
quantile
39
The _____ classification compares values close to and far from the mean (always show mean and std on map
standard deviation
40
What does MAUP stand for?
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
41
What is this an example of? Large polygons tend to dominate the map
Visual MAUP issue
42
What are the 2 raster types?
discrete and continuous data
43
What type of rasters are often converted from vector data?
discrete data
44
What type of raster Represent a measurement that occurs everywhere (temperature, precipitation, elevation) ?
continuous data
45
What type of raster data has adjacent cells that often have the same values?
discrete
46
_____ raster contain quantities that represent map data such as wetlands or elevation
thematic
47
______ rasters use unique values or discrete color display
Categorical/ordinal
48
Categorical/ordinal rasters use _____ or ______ display
unique values, discrete color
49
__________ rasters use classified or stretched display methods
Interval/ratio (quantities)
50
Interval/ratio (quantities) rasters use _____ or ______display methods
classified, stretched
51
____ data name things or uniquely identify them and may be text or numbers.
nominal
52
______ data group objects into smaller sets identified by a unique value.
Categorical
53
_______data consist of categories that are ranked in some way.
Ordinal
54
_____data are measured on a regular scale, and data are measured on a regular scale with a meaningful zero point.
Interval, ratio
55
Discrete thematic rasters can be displayed using what method?
unique values method
56
What rasters may be classified or stretched?
Continuous thematic
57
Continuous numeric data are_____ before being mapped.
classified
58
Give 2 examples of classification methods for continuous numeric data
Jenks natural breaks, equal interval, defined interval, quantile, geometric interval, standard deviation, and manual.
59
What kind of data that place objects into unranked groups?
categorical data
60
land use and geology data are examples of what kind of data?
categorical
61
assigning features to two or more groups based on numeric values in an attribute field
classification
62
a raster display method that divides values into two or more groups based on their numeric values
classified
63
data that take on a variety of values and that change rapidly across a data set, such as elevation
continuous
64
a classification method in which the user specifies a size range for all the classes
defined interval
65
described data that represent distinct spatial objects such as wells, roads, or counties
discrete
66
a classification method that bases the class intervals on a geometric series in which each class is multiplied by a constant coefficient to produce the next higher class
geometric interval
67
values that follow a regular scale but have no natural zero point, such as degrees Celsius or pH
interval data
68
a way to classify numeric data into ranges defined by naturally occurring gaps in the data histogram
Jenks method
69
statistical and visual issues caused by aggregating measured data using arbitrary areal units such as political boundaries
modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP)
70
values that name or identify an object, such as a street name
nominal data
71
data values that indicate a rank or ordering system
ordinal data
72
data having a regular scale of measurement and a natural zero point, such as precipitation or population
ratio data
73
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