Learner characteristics
personal
academic
social,
cognitive attributes
Generational groups
Baby boomers 1946-1964
Gen X late 1960s- late 1970s
Gen Y/Mill after Gen x
Gen Z after 1995
Define student-centered learning.
successful instructor must take into account individual learner characteristics and abilities to ensure that all students’ needs are met
Describe common categories of learning disabilities
•Reading disabilities range from inability to understand the meaning of words, to inability to read or comprehend, to dyslexia.
•Some lack the ability to write, to spell, or to place words together to complete a sentence (known as dysphasia).
•Other students might suffer from dyscalculia, or difficulty with math and related subjects.
•Dyspraxia is the inability to display physical coordination of motor skills.
•Childhood disorder that can be carried into adulthood is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Learning is a change in a person’s ability to behave in certain ways
What are the 2 key factors
Experience with the subject (field)
•Practice (classroom)
Where can learning occur
Formally (classroom)
•Informally (around the dinner table)
Learning is created through blending of:
individual curiosity, reflection, and adaptation.
As a leader, you have a responsibility to:
•Teach information
•Hone skills
•Promote positive values and motivation
Edward L. Thorndike, there are six laws of learning:
readiness-physically, mentally, emotionally
exercise mind and body
effect feeling satisfaction
primacy- the way the student learns and remembers
recency- practice makes perfect sense
intensity-stimulate senses
5 senses in order of most effective
See
Hear
Smell
Touch
Taste
Two schools of thought have developed to explain how behavior evolves:
behaviorist and cognitive.
behaviorist perspective
learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that arises from experience.
cognitive perspective
learning is an intellectual process in which experience contributes to relatively permanent changes in the way individuals mentally represent their environment.
Abraham Maslow determined that certain needs should be satisfied to enable a person to move forward toward self-actualization: (5)
•Physiological needs
•Safety, security, and order
•Social needs and affection
•Esteem and status
•Self-actualization
Benjamin Bloom and his research team identified three types of learning domains:
•Cognitive domain (knowledge)
•Psychomotor domain (physical use of knowledge)
•Affective domain (attitudes, emotions, or values)
Adult learners can be divided into three types:
learner oriented
goal oriented
activity oriented.
AUDIENCE as an acronym:
•Analysis: Who is the audience?
•Understanding: What is the audience’s knowledge of the subject?
•Demographics: What are the students’ distinguishing characteristics?
•Interest: Why are the students attending your class?
•Environment: Where will this presentation be delivered, and which possible barriers exist?
-Needs: What are the audience’s needs associated with your presentation, and how will they use the material in the future or as part of their job?
•Customization: Which specific needs and interests should you, as the instructor, address relating to the specific audience?
•Expectations: What does the audience expect to learn from your presentation?
Piaget’s theory
children learn “through motor actions, develop intelligence by using their natural intuition, develop cognitively through the use of logic and finally develop the ability to think abstractly.”
