CH 2 Basic Chemistry & CH3

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Contains mass & occupies space

Question 2

Energy

Answer 2

NOT matter, can do WORK

Question 3

smallest functional units of matter…

Answer 3

Atoms

Question 4

*** Protons

Answer 4

• Positive
• Found in Nucleus
• Has mass and gives IDENTITY
• p+

Question 5

**** Neutrons

Answer 5

• No charge
• found in nucleus and has mass
• n 0

Question 6

*** Electrons

Answer 6

• Negative charge
• no mass, found in orbit
• gives REACTIVITY
• n-

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

= to # of protons in atom

Question 8

Atomic Mass

Answer 8

Protons + Neutons

Question 9

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

Answer 9

atoms relative mass compared to other atoms (p+ + n0)

Question 10

Dalton

Answer 10

= to amu, g/mole = macroscopic

Question 11

Mole

Answer 11

1 mole is the same number of atoms for every element

Question 12

Avogadros #

Answer 12

6.022x10^23 (No)

Question 13

Isotopes

Answer 13

different forms of an element with different # of neutrons

Question 14

**Covalent Bonds

Answer 14

• SHARING electrons
• relatively weak bond
• most common in LIVING matter

Question 15

Polar Covalent

Answer 15

Unequal sharing of electrons

partial + and partial - end of a molecule

Question 16

*****Ionic Bond

Answer 16

• TRANSFER of an electron

- Relatively strong bond

Question 17

**** Metallic bond

Answer 17

• Sharing AND a transfer
• Strongest bond
• Some electrons can move (conductivity)

Question 18

*** Octet rule

Answer 18

Atoms stable when outer shell is FULL (x8)

Question 19

Cations

Answer 19

Positive Charge Ions

Question 20

Anions

Answer 20

Negatively charged Ions

Question 21

*** Electronegativity

Answer 21

An atoms attraction to electrons within a chemical bond

Question 22

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 22

NOT chemical bond

- intermolecular attraction

Question 23

Chemical Reactions;

Answer 23

Reactants —> Products

Question 24

*** Solvent

Answer 24

Material that does the dissolving

Question 25

****** Solutes

Answer 25

Substances dissolved in solvents

Question 26

****** Hydrophilic

Answer 26

- Water LOVING | - ionic and /or polar covalent bonds (charged)

Question 27

****** Hydrophobic

Answer 27

- Water FEARING - Wont dissolve - non- polar covalent molecules (no charge)

Question 28

***** Amphipathic

Answer 28

- BOTH polar & non polar molecules

Question 29

Concentration

Answer 29

amount of dissolved solute in a solution

Question 30

Molarity

Answer 30

Number of MOLES of a solute dissolved in 1L of solution

Question 31

Heat of Vaporization

Answer 31

amount of heat to convert 1 gram of water to water vapor

Question 32

Heat of fusion

Answer 32

amount of heat required to turn one gram of water into a solid

Question 33

Acids

Answer 33

molecules which release H+ ions (pH

Question 34

Bases

Answer 34

Molecules release hydroxide ions (OH-) pH> 7.1)

Question 35

pH

Answer 35

= -log 10 {H+}

Question 36

***** HypOventillation

Answer 36

- acidifies blood | - CO2 builds up ; ACIDOSIS

Question 37

***** Effects of HypeRventilation

Answer 37

- Low CO2 makes blood too basic | - Pass out from ALKALOSIS