CH 2 - PYTHON FUNDAMENTALS (Module 2)

Question 1

token/ lexical unit

Answer 1

• in a text, individual words and punctuation marks

- smallest individual unit in a proram

Question 2

5 tokens in python

Answer 2

1. KEYWORDS
2. IDENTIFIERS (NAMES)
3. LITERALS
4. OPERATORS
5. PUNCTUATORS

Question 3

which is the smallest individual unit in a program

Answer 3

TOKEN or LXICAL UNIT

Question 4

1. keywords

Answer 4

• words that convey a special meaning to the language compiler/ interpreter
• reserved for special purpose
• cant be used as identifier names
• print, true, false, for, in, while, elif, none

Question 5

2. identifiers/ names

Answer 5

• fundamental building blocks of a program
• arbitrary long sequence of letters and digits
• used as the general terminology for the names given to different parts of the program viz. variables, objects etc

Question 6

constraints in naming identifiers

Answer 6

1. first character:
   i. must be letter or underscore (_)
   ii. cant start with number
   iii. cant start with a special character
2. CANT be a reserved python KEYWORD
3. python is a case sensitive language. case of letters is significant
4. CANT have a special character
5. CAN be a NUMBER

Question 7

3. literals or values

Answer 7

data items that have a fixed value

Question 8

types of literals/ values

Answer 8

1. string literals
2. numeric
3. boolean
4. special literal - NONE
5. literal collections

Question 9

ESCAPE SEQUENCES - \

Answer 9

adds backslash

Question 10

ESCAPE SEQUENCES - '

ESCAPE SEQUENCES - "

Answer 10

adds single quote

adds double quote

Question 11

ESCAPE SEQUENCES - \a
ESCAPE SEQUENCES - \b
ESCAPE SEQUENCES - \f

Answer 11

ASCII bell (BEL)
ASCII backspace (BS)
ASCII formfeed (FF)

Question 12

ESCAPE SEQUENCES - \n

Answer 12

new line character

Question 13

ESCAPE SEQUENCES - \N[name]

Question 14

ESCAPE SEQUENCES - \r

ESCAPE SEQUENCES - \t

Answer 14

carriae retrn (CR)
horizontal tab (TAB)

Question 15

4. Operators

Answer 15

• tokens that trigger some computation when applied to variables and other objects in an expression

Question 16

operands

Answer 16

• variables and objects to which the compuattion is applied are called operands
• thus, an operator requires some operands to work upon

Question 17

types of operators

Answer 17

1. UNARY OPERATORS
2. BINARY OPERATORS
   i. Arithmetic Operators
   ii. Bitwise Operators
   iii. Shift Operators
   iv. Identity Operators
   v. Relational Operators
   vi. Assignment Operators
   vii. Logical Operators
   viii. Membership Operators

Question 18

1. Arithmetic Operators

Answer 18

+ - * /
% remainder/ modulus
** exponent (raise to power)
// floor division

Question 19

2. Bitwise Operators

Answer 19

& bitwise AND
^ bitwise exclusive OR (XOR)
I bitwise OR

Question 20

3. Shift Operators

Answer 20

«_space;shift left

|»_space; shift riht

Question 21

4. Identity Operators

Answer 21

is

is not

Question 22

5. Relational Operators

Answer 22

<  > 
<= less than or equal to
>= reater than or equal to
== equal to
!= not equal to

Question 23

6. Assignment Operators

Answer 23

= Assignment
/= Assign quotient
\+= Assign sum
*= Assign product
%= Assign remainder
-= Assign difference
**= Assign exponent
//= Assign floor division

Question 24

7. Logical Operators

Answer 24

and logical AND

or logical OR

Question 25

8. Membership Operators

Answer 25

in | not in

Question 26

' " # \ ( ) [ ] { } @ , : . ` = | are called what in python

Answer 26

punctuators

Question 27

5. punctuators

Answer 27

symbols that are used in prorammin languages to organize sentence structures, and indicate the rhythm and emphasis of expressions, statements and program and structure

Question 28

components of proram

Answer 28

1. Expressions 2. statements 3. comments 4. function 5. block and indentation

Question 29

variables in python are not containers. explain