Ch. 23 - Plant Structure and Function

Question 1

epidermis

Answer 1

• in plants, single layer of cells that makes up dermal tissue

Question 2

meristem

Answer 2

• regions of unspecialized cells responsible for continuing growth throughout a plant’s lifetime

Question 3

taproot

Answer 3

• the primary root found in some plants that grows longer and thicker than the other roots

Question 4

fibrous root

Answer 4

• part of a root system in which roots branch to such an extent that no single root grows longer than the rest

Question 5

Casparian strip

Answer 5

• waterproof strip that surrounds plant endodermal cells and is involved in the one-way passage of materials into the vascular cylinder in plants roots

Question 6

node

Answer 6

• part on a growing stem where a leaf is attached

Question 7

vascular bundle

Answer 7

• clusters of xylem and phloem tissues in stems

Question 8

primary growth

Answer 8

• pattern of growth that takes place at the tips and shoots of a plant

Question 9

secondary growth

Answer 9

• type of growth in dicots in which the stems increase in thickness

Question 10

mesophyll

Answer 10

• specialized ground tissue found in leaves; performs most of a plant’s photosynthesis

Question 11

stoma

Answer 11

• small opening in the epidermis of a plant that allows carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf

Question 12

transpiration

Answer 12

• loss of water from a plant through its leaves

Question 13

guard cells

Answer 13

• specialized cell in the epidermis of plants that controls the opening and closing of stoma

Question 14

capillary action

Answer 14

• tendency of water to rise in a thin tube

Question 15

hormone

Answer 15

• chemical produced in one part of an organism that affects another part of the same organism

Question 16

target cell

Answer 16

• cell that has a receptor for a particular hormone

Question 17

receptor

Answer 17

• on or in a cell; specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone

Question 18

auxin

Answer 18

• regulatory substance produced in the tip of a growing plant that stimulates cell elongation and the growth of new roots

Question 19

apical dominance

Answer 19

• phenomenon in which the closer a bud is to the stem’s tip, the more its growth is inhibited

Question 20

tropism

Answer 20

• movement of a plant toward or away from stimuli

Question 21

phototropism

Answer 21

• tendency of a plant to grow toward a light source

Question 22

gravitropism

Answer 22

• response of a plant to the force of gravity

Question 23

thigmotropism

Answer 23

• response of a plant to touch

Question 24

photoperiodism

Answer 24

• plant response to the relative lengths of light and darkness