Main Biological Features of Hepatitis C
- viral morphology
- enveloped
- RNA
- enveloped
- RNA
recycles hemoglobin into bilirrubin
-accumulation of bulirubin in blood and tissues
Diseases of Hepatitis C
-Liver infection
Preforms Reverse Transcription
>RNA>DNA>Integration
Uses RNA Polymerse hyper mutation
Hepatitis(gatrointestinal)
-Liver damage without symptoms
Jaundice(skin)
Transmission of Hepatitis C
-Method
(Hepatitis C)
- blood contact
- needle sharing
Main Biological Features of Orthomyxovirus (Influenza)
- viral morphology
- enveloped
- RNA
(mutation)
- enveloped
- ssRNA
- SEGMENTED RNA (8 pieces w/10 genes on each)
- gives rise to spikes* (2) and caspid proteins
- finished viruses are budded off cell
(mutation)
Antigenic drift-constant genetic variability
-gradually change amino acid composition
Antigenic shift
-One of the genes RNA is substituted with influenza virus
Decreased ability for host memory cells to recognize them
Diseases of Influenza
-Influenza A (acute, highly contagious)
RESPIRATORY
Virulence
-glycoprotein spikes:
>Hemagglutinin
>Neuraminidase
Mechanism of Influenza
lytic+host response lead to damage of the lung
(Influenza)
-respiratry illness
-lung damage
Symptoms: Fever, headaches, myalgia, pharyngeal pain, shortness of breath, coughing
(Hemagglutinin)**
-clumping of RBC
-needed to bind respiratory mucosal receptors and induce viral entry
(Neuraminidase)–enzyme
-breaks down respiratory mucus; assists in budding; keeps viruses from sticking together
Transmission of Influenza
- Method
- audience
Method:
- Aerolized droplets
- Birds are common carriers
- infects cells of the lung
Audience:
- children
- elderly
Prevention of Influenza
vaccine
Vaccine
Prescription drugs
Main Biological Features of Paramyxoviruses (mumps)
- viral morphology
- enveloped
- RNA
-Enveloped
-ssRNA
-has a single serological type
-bear fusion (F)>initiate cell-to cell fusion
(synctium-multiple fusions)
Diseases of Paramyxoviruses (mumps)
-Epidemic Parotitis ((mumps))
CARDIOVASC/LYMPH/SYS
Mechanism of Paramyxoviruses (mumps)
(Lytic &Lysogenic)
PERSISTENT infections-not immediately lysed. can reactivate
- Epidemic Parotitis (measles)
- painful swelling of jaw ¶toid gland
- can multiply in testes,ovaries, thyroid
(complications)
- orchitis
- epidydimitis
Transmission of Paramyxoviruses (mumps)
- Method
- audience
Meathod:
- salivary and respiratory secretions
- targets paratoid salivary gland
Prevention of Paramyxoviruses (mumps)
vaccine
- Self-limited
- vaccine
Diseases of PARAMYXOVIRUS (Mobillivirus /Measles)
-Rubeola(Red measles)
SKIN/SKELETAL
Diseases of TOGAVIRUS (Robivirus/Measles)
-Rubella(german measles)
>caused by togavirus
NO KOPLIK’S SPOTS**
Mechanism of Paramyxoviruses (Mobillivirus/Measles)
(Lytic &Lysogenic)
Mechanism of Togavirus (Robivirus/Measles)
(Lytic &Lysogenic)
-enters blood stream and infiltrated lymph tissue
(Rubeola(Red measles))
-invades mucosal lining of respiratory tract
-koplik’s spot:oral lesions
Symptoms:
sore throat, dry cough, headache, conjunctivitis, lymphadentitis, fever
>may lead to pneumonia or SSPE(NEROLOGICALl degregation)
(Rubella(german measles))
post-natal rubella:
-malaise, mild fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy
congenital rubella:
-most likely to induce miscarriage
>may lead to congenital defect in child/fetus
Transmission of Mobillivirus (Measles)
- Method
- audience
Method:
(Rubeola(Red measles))
-respiratory aerols
(Rubella(german measles))
contact with respiratory secretions
Prevention of Measles (both)
Vaccine (MMR)
Vaccine
antibiotic treatment
Main Biological Features of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus)
- viral morphology
- enveloped
- RNA
- Retrovirus (Lentivirus)
- enveloped
- RNA
- T-cell Lymphatic viruses
- 2copies of genome
Diseases of HIV
-HIV 1, 2
CARDIOVASC/LYMPH/SYS
Mechanism of HIV
(Lytic & Lysogenic)
-when T-cell levels fall bellow 200 mL, aid symptoms appear
Symptoms:
fever, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, weight loss, neurological symptoms, opportunistic infections, and cancers
kaposi’s sarcoma
- *Can only infect viuses w/ CD4 + co-receptor (GP120)
- receptors give access to leukocytes and tissue cells
(Phase 1)
-virus absorbed and fuses
-reverse transcriptase catalyzes synthesis of compliment strand now
ssDNA >now>dsDNA
(Phase 2)
after latent period, immune activatorts stimulate infected cell
-Reactivation of provirus>production of viral mRNA
(Phase 3)
-viruses assembled
-budding of mature viruses lyses the infected cell
Transmission of HIV
- Method
- audience
Methods:(2)
-sexual contact
-blood transfer
for babies…infected before or during birth
Prevention of HIV
-no cure. therapies slow down process
-Inhibit viral enzymes:
reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase
to inhibit fusion and viral integration:)
