Patho > Ch 27 > Flashcards

Ch 27 Flashcards

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1
Q

general term for any disease that can be spread by sexual contact

A

STI

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2
Q

those at the greatest risk for STI

A

unprotected non-monogamous sex

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3
Q

what are the types of STIs

A

bacterial, viral, protozoa, parasitic, fungal

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4
Q

what are the bacterial STIs

A

gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, BV, granuloma inguinale

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5
Q

-transmission requires contact of epithelial surfaces
-pregnant females can pass it to fetus and mother to newborn
-humans are the only natural hosts

A

gonorrhea

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6
Q

common sites of gonorrhea

A

female: cervix, urethra, bartholin gland
male: urethra or rectum

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7
Q

complications of gonorrhea

A

PID, sterility, disseminated infection

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8
Q

s/s gonorrhea

A

males: painful urination, purulent penile discharge
females: asymptomatic, dysuria, increased vaginal discharge, dysmenorrhea, lower abd pain, fever

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9
Q

treatment of gonorrhea

A

-abx (ceftriaxone)
-multi drug admin to reduce resistance
-resistant to many drugs
*treat partners
*avoid sex until infection resolved, use condoms

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10
Q

-rare, systemic complication from spread infection through bloodstream
-life threatening

A

disseminated gonoccocal infection (DGI)

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11
Q

disseminated gonoccocal infection s/s

A

generalized rash and severe joint pain

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12
Q

spread of N. gonorrhoeae to liver

A

perihepatitis

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13
Q

gonococcal eye infection (ie/ from mother to infant)

A

opthalmia neonatorum

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14
Q

-this is increasing in men
-infects any body tissue
-becomes systemic after infection

A

syphilis

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15
Q

when does maternal fetal transmission occur with syphilis

A

9 wks gestation

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16
Q

what are the tests for syphilis

A

darkfield microscopy and serologic testing

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17
Q

what is the primary stage of syphilis

A

first
local manifestations
12 days to 12 wks after exposure
average duration is 3 wks

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18
Q

what s/s present during primary syphilis

A

-granulomatus tissue reaction: hard chancre (eroded, painless, firm indurated ulcer)
-microorganisms drain with lymph fluid
-firm enlarged, non-tender regional lymph nodes

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19
Q

what is secondary stage of syphilis

A

systemic manifestations
develops 6 wks after chancre develops

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20
Q

what s/s present during secondary syphilis

A

-low grade fever, malaise, sore throat, hoarseness
-anorexia, gen adenopathy, headache, joint pain, skin of mucus membrane lesions or rash

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21
Q

describe latent syphilis

A

duration is 1 yr to lifetime
divided into early and late stages

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22
Q

what are s/s of latent syphilis

A

asymptomatic

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23
Q

what is tertiary syphilis

A

last stage, after latent
most severe
formation of gummas (destructive lesions)
destructive systemic manifestations
neurosyphilis

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24
Q

tests for syphilis

A

VDRL and RPR

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25
treatment for syphilis
injection of benzathine penicillin G treat sexual partners condoms until effective treatment is reached
26
painful, tender, soft chancre acute infectious disease caused hy Haemophilus ducreyi
chancroid
27
female chancroid s/s
asymptomatic but can have dysuria, dyspareuria, vaginal discharge, pain on defecation or rectal bleeding
28
male chancroid s/s
unilateral, painful genital ulcers, local lymphadenopathy, inguinal baboes
29
treatment of chancroid
single or multi dose abx treat partners and wear condoms
30
-chronic progressive and destructive bacterial infection -mildly contagious, repeated exposure required -concurrent infection with syphilis is common -rare in US
granuloma inguinale
31
s/s granuloma inguinale
painful nodule with itching, ulcers on penis/labia donovan bodies (bacteria filled vacuoles within white cells)
32
treatment of granuloma inguinale
abx for at least 3 wks
33
sexually associated condition but not always STI cause is Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobes
BV
34
s/s of BV
-gray vaginal discharge and presence of clue cells on wet mount -elevated vaginal pH and fishy odor -clue cells are vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria
35
treatment of BV
flagyl and other abx do not need to treat other partners
36
most common STI in US growth cycle in 2 parts
chlamydia
37
chlamydia transmission in newborns
conjunctivitis and penumonia
38
s/s chlamydia in males
clear, mucus discharge, mild burning with urination
39
s/s chlamydia in females
leading cause of tubal infertility, acute urethral syndrome, yellow discharge, dysuria, frequency, sterile pus in urine
40
treatment for chlamydia
abx for all infected individuals and sexual contacts (single dose azithromycin) *abstinence or use condoms during treatment
41
chronic STI begins as skin lesion that spreads to lymph
lymphogranuloma venereum
42
primary lesions of lymphogranuloma venereum
incubation 5-21 days male lesion: penis and scrotum female lesion: cervix, labia, vaginal wall
43
secondary lesions of lymphogranuloma venereum
inflammation and swelling of lymph nodes, formation of flue buboes that rupture and form draining ulcerative lesions, groove sign
44
-direct inoculation during anal intercourse -may be chronic or late manifestation of lymph spread from inguinal area
anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
45
treatment of lymphogranuloma venereum
oral doxy. or erythromycin for 21 days treat ALL sexual partners
46
non-reportable STI syndrome caused by a variety of microbes
nongonococcal/nonspecific urethritis
47
genital herpes
herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2)
48
-not a reportable disease -transmitted through contact with person who is shedding virus -initial virus replication occurs locally
genital herpes
49
how does genital herpes spread internally
-virus spreads to contagious cells and into sensory nerves which are transported to dorsal root -virus remains latent until re-activated
50
describe the s/s of genital herpes
lesions initially appear as groups of vesicles that progress to ulceration with pain, lymphadenopathy and fever
51
first episode s/s genital herpes
primary genital infection no antibodies small vesicular lesions with fever and malaise
52
first episode nonprimary HSV s/s
pre existing antibodies systemic symptoms and fever
53
recurrent infection genital herpes s/s
mild local s/s
54
newborn s/s of herpes
local infection of eyes, skin, mucus membranes to severe disseminated infection with CNS involvement
55
treatment of herpes
no cure manage symptoms and viral suppression treatments with oral antivirals (acyclovir)
56
3 dose vaccine 120 types (high risk 16 and 18) transmission through sexual contact
human papillomavirus (HPV)
57
what is HPV associated with
cervical dysplasia and cancer
58
test for HPV
PAP
59
s/s of HPV
genital warts
60
treatment of HPV
cosmetic, not curative TCA, BCA, cryotherapy, surgical excision
61
benign viral infections of skin that infects lower abd, genitalia and perineal area non STI, viral
molluscum contagiosum
62
treatment of molluscum contagiosum
same as for nonsexually transmitted disease
63
adherence and damage to squamous epithelial cells (urethra, vagina, skene and bartholian glands)
Trich
64
s/s of Trich
-vaginal discharge (copious, frothy, malodorous, yellow/green/gray) and internal pruritus -dyspareunia and dysuria -strawberry spots
65
treatment of Trich
metronidazole (Flagyl) or tinidazole treat partners
66
transmission is prolonged and close skin to skin contact family members or sexual partners
scabies
67
symptoms of scabies
intense pruritus
68
treatment of scabies
topical application, treatment for partners and family members, treatment of clothes/bedding
69
transmission is intimate sexual contact or contact with infected bed linens and clothing stages of disease
pediculosis pubis (crabs)
70
crabs life cycle
25-30 days
71
stages of crabs life cycle
egg/nit, 3 nymphal stages, adult
72
s/s crabs
itching, allergic sensitization, secondary infections from scratching
73
treatment of crabs
cream rinse, shampoo, lotion, treat bedding/clothes
74
where would you expect to find scabies on a body
between fingers and toes
75
systemic sexually transmitted diseases
AIDS crytomegalovirus EBV
76
how is Hep B transmitted
sexually, needle, blood transfusions, cuts/abrasions
77
describe Hep B risk for neonate
risk of perinatal transmission is high for babies of Hep B infected mother unless they receive immunoglobulin and vax
78
single strand RNA transmitted through bites from infected mosquitos also transmitted sexually
Zika virus
79
concern for Zika virus if
infection during pregnancy may cause severe fetal infection and CNS abnormality (Ie/ microcephaly)
80
a student asks the professor how a faulty negative feedback mechanism results in hormonal imbalance, what response is best?
excessive hormone production results from a failure to TURN OFF the system
81
what diagnosis does the patient have with the following test results: BG 900, arterial pH 7.35, serum bicarb: 22, serum osmo 330, no significant ketones present in urine or serum
HHNKS/HHS
82
which laboratory value is consistent with DI
low urine specific gravity
83
which type of cancer is a patient at an increased risk for due to her obesity
breast cancer (also endometrial cancer, colon cancer)
84
which gland produces the associated hormones that are found in high levels in a female fetus
anterior pituitary produces FSH and LH
85
which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection
vaginal pH becomes more acidic
86
in the majority of children experiencing delayed puberty, what is the problem caused by
physiologic delays in maturation
87
clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis
abnormal uterine bleeding
88
patient report his foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis, this is
phimosis
89
pt has the following test results: anti HCV antibodies: positive, HCV RNA: detectable. what is the dx?
chronic Hep C
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