0
Q
Euglena
A
- 2 anterior (and unequal flagella
• attached at reservoir
-Contractile vacuoles - collect excess water
- Stigma- movement towards light
- Small chloroplasts
• ingestion of green algae
1
Q
Euglenozoa
Eugenics & kinetoplastids
A
- 1 of earliest eukaryotes to possess mitochondria
- 1/3 have chloroplasts & autotrophic (others are hetero
- May become heterotrophic in dark
- No sexual reproduction
2
Q
Kinetoplastids
A
- 2nd major group
- Unique, single, mitochondria
- Trypanosomes cause human disease
• African sleeping sickness
• Leishmaniasis
• Chagas’ disease
3
Q
Trypanosomes
A
- difficult to control b/c organisms repeatedly change protective coat
Methods
• Release of sterilized flies
• Traps that are scented like
cows but treated with
insecticides
4
Q
Chromalveolates
A
Supergroup of 2 branches: alveolares and stramebopilia
May arisen by one or more secondary endosymbiosis
5
Q
Alveolata
A
Flattened vesicles called alveoli Includes Dinoflagellates Apicocomplexans Ciliates Common lineage despite diverse modes of locomotion
6
Q
Dinoflagellates
A
- Photosynthetic, unicellular,
flagella
- Aquatic environment
- Some luminescent
- Don't appear to be directly
related to any other phylum
- "Red tide" are "blooms"
• fish birds marine mamms
may die from toxins
7
Q
Apicoconplexans
A
- Spore-forming animal parasites
- Apical complex is unique
arrangement of organelles
at one end of the cell
• enables cell to invade host - Plasmodium causes malaria
• complex life cycle - sexual,
asexual, diff hosts
• eradication focused on
eliminating mosquito vector,
drug devel, vaccines
8
Q
Other apicocomplexans
A
- Toxoplasma Gondi
• causes index in humans w/
immunosuppression - Can cross placental barrier to harm fetus
9
Q
Ciliates
A
- 3rd group of apicocomplexans
- Feature large # of cilia arranged
in longitudinal rows or spirals
around cell - Pellicle: tough but flex outer
covering
2 types of nuclei
• Microbucleus- w/o will rep.
asexually
• Macronucleus -
10
Q
Parmecium
A
P
11
Q
Stramenopila
A
- Includes brown algae, diatoms, and oomecetes
- very fine hair on flagella
• few species lost hairs during evolution
12
Q
Brown Algae
A
- Conspicuous seaweeds in
northern regions
- Life cycle involves alt. of
generations
• sporophyte: multicell & diploid
• gametophytes: multicell &
haploid
- Not plants
13
Q
Diatoms
A
- Phylum chrysophyta
- Photosynthetic, unicellular
- Unique dbl shells of silica
- Some move by raphes
• 2 long grooves lined w/
vibrating fibrils
14
Q
Oomycetea
A
- “water molds”
- either parasite or sap robes
- 1ce considered fungi
- motile spores w/ 2 uneq flagella
- sexual reproduction
- found in water or land
-phytopthora I festa a
Irish potato famine - 400k dead
15
Q
Archae plastids
A
Group consist of Rgodophyta, chlorophyta, & land plants
- acquired chloroplasts through primary endosymbiosis
16
Q
Rhydophta
A
- Red algae range from micro-lg
- Lack flagella and centrioles
- Have accessory photosynthetic
pigments within
phycobilisomes - Origin source of contro.
17
Q
Green algae
A
Land plants arose from ancestral green alga only 1ce during evolution
Group green algae consists of 2 groups:
18
Q
Unicellular chlorophyta
Slide 42
A
Early green algae prob resembles
19
Q
Chlorophytew
Slide 43
A
B
20
Q
Life cycle
A
45
21
Q
Charophytes
A
47
22
Q
Rhizaria slide 48
A
- Use pseudopods for locomotion
- 3 distinct monophyletic groups
• Radiolara
• Foraminafera
•
23
Q
Radiolarians
A
- Glassy exoskeleton if silica
- Needle like pseudopods
24
Foraminifera 50
- Heterotrophic marine Protista
- Pore-studded shells called tests
where thin podia emerge
- Podia for swim & feed
25
Cercozoa. 52
Morphologically diverse group of primarily soil Protista
| • loco w/ flagella or pseudopods
26
Amoebazoans 53
H
27
Amoeba 54
G
28
Slime molds 55
-
29
Plasmodial slime mold 56
B
30
Opisthokants 59
Includes choanoflagellates, fungi, & animals
31
Choanoflagellates
Unicellular organisms
| Fungi & animal common ancestor
