Ch. 3- controlled vs. automatic processing+faliures of attention

Question 1

what is automatic processing

Answer 1

Requires little to no conscious processing or effort
Unintentional, attentionally efficient

Question 2

what is controlled attention

Answer 2

Required conscious processing and effort
Intentional, attentionally inefficient

Question 3

what is the Stroop effect

Answer 3

its very hard to see text and not read it because reading is a deeply engrained automatic process

Question 4

what is the quantitative view of processing

Answer 4

Automatic and controlled processes are fundamentally the same, automatic just faster

Question 5

what is the qualitative view of processing

Answer 5

Processes are fundamentally different
When processes become automatic the way we accomplish them changes

Question 6

what are action slips

Answer 6

absentminded mistakes made while engaged in automatic processes

Question 7

examples of action slips 5)

Answer 7

Loss-of-activation error- Go to do something and forget what you wanted to do
description error- Carry out the action but with the wrong object
data-driven error- External events result in some unintended behavior
capture error- similar schema are activated so you engage in the incorrect version of a behavior
associative activation error- the intention to do/say something activated a related but inappropriate schema

Question 8

what is the attentional blink

Answer 8

period of time after detection of a visual stimuli during which another cannot be detected

Question 9

what is inattentional blindness

Answer 9

failure to notice something because attention is engaged on another task

Question 10

how does evolution affect inattentional blindness

Answer 10

Sensory systems most attuned to change so we tend to miss things that don’t change
Use limited attention to things that could actually hurt me vs. things that are unchanging

Question 11

what is change blindness

Answer 11

failure to notice a change in the environment

Question 12

when are we better at detecting changes

Answer 12

when images are processed as a whole rather than parts (face- can tell something is different but not what vs. objects- once we know something changed we can detect faster)

Question 13

what is the effect on intent on inattentional blindness

Answer 13

once you know something is going to happen you can’t miss it (diminishes)

Question 14

what is the effect of intent on change blindness

Answer 14

nothing happens differently