ch 30

Question 1

Why are fungi important for terrestrial ecosystems ?

Answer 1

• They break down organic material and recycle nutrients, allowing other organisms to assimilate essential chemical elements

Question 2

What makes a fungi heterotrophs

Answer 2

• hetetrophs cannot make their own food like plants and algae, a fungus absorbs nutrients from the environment outside its body

Question 3

How do fungis absorb nutrients

Answer 3

they secrete hydrolytic enzymes into their surroundings and these enzymes break down molecules to smaller ones that the fungi can absorb into their cells and use.

Question 4

What are decomposers

Answer 4

fungi that break down and absorb nutrients from non living material

Question 5

what is parasitic fungi

Answer 5

absorb nutrients from cells of living hosts

Question 6

what is mutualistic

Answer 6

fungi that absorb from a host but reciprocate actions that also benefit the host

Question 7

Hyphae

Answer 7

tubular cell walls that allow for absorption of nutrients and is strengthened by chitin

Question 8

why is chitin important

Answer 8

it balances pressure preventing bursting of cells by osmosis

Question 9

what is mycellium

Answer 9

a network of hyphae

Question 10

what is haustoria

Answer 10

a specialized hyphae

Question 11

Fungi are more closely related to_

Answer 11

Unicellular nucleariids

Question 12

animals are more closely related to_

Answer 12

unicellular choanoflagellates

Question 13

What is the 7 phyla of fungi

Answer 13

1. cryptomycetes
2. microsporidians
3. zoopagomycetes
4. ascomycetes
5. basidiomycetes
6. mucormycetes
7. chytrid fungi

Question 14

What is mycorrhizae

Answer 14

plant symbionts that aid in nutrient acquisition

Question 15

Lichens

Answer 15

symbiosis between photosynthetic organism and fungus, break down surfaces, and can add nitrogen to ecosystems