Answer: Peritonitis is caused by blood, stomach, or urinary bladder contents emptying into the peritoneal cavity.
Answer: Guarding is contracting the abdominal wall muscles to minimize the movement of the contents within the peritoneum. Guarding is a sign of peritonitis. For this patient, guarding should raise suspicion that significant internal injuries have occurred. The signs of shock and the patient’s symptoms reflect a life-threatening emergency.