Ch 31 Protostomes

Question 0

Cnidaria: class Hydrozoa
2 details

Answer 0

• often without medusa stage

- solitary or colonial

Question 1

What are the 4 classes of Cnidaria

Answer 1

1) Hydrozoa
2) Scyphozoa
3) Cubozoa
4) Anthozoa

Question 2

Cnidaria: Class Scyphozoa

What animal is included, and 2 details

Answer 2

• medusa is dominant form

- among the largest invertebrates

Question 3

Cnidaria: Class Cubozoa

What animal is included and 2 details

Answer 3

• have complex eyes
• actively hunt prey

Box jellyfish

Question 4

Cnidaria: Class Anthozoa

Wheat animals are included and 3 details

Answer 4

• Polyps, no medusa
• may be solitary
• differ from hydrozoans in partitioned gastrovascular cavity

Sea anemones, corals

Question 5

To what group do the zooxanthelae of corals belong?

Answer 5

Dinoflagellates

Question 6

Ctenophora: Comb Jellies

What are 3 characteristics and what do they have in common/different with Cnidarians

Answer 6

• fragile, luminescent marine predators
• 8 rows of Cilia that resemble combs
• tentacles with adhesive glue cells, Don’t Sting
  > Like Cnidarians: have radial symmetry and 2 tissue layers
  > Unlike Cnidarians: have mouth and anal pores

Question 7

Bilateral Animals: 3 adaptations

Answer 7

• the coelom
• cephalization (head)
• the central nervous system

Question 8

Coelom: 3 details/ what it allows

Answer 8

• Allows tube-in-tube body plan (body wall is outer; digestive is inner)
• provides space for complex internal organs
• enclosed compartment serves as Hydrostatic Skeleton which allows the diversity of animal movement types

Question 9

what happens in a Hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 9

contracting muscles push against tube of fluid

Question 10

Cephalization: 2 details of the evolution of a head

2 ways it increases effectiveness of a bilateral animal

Answer 10

Evolution
- concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at anterior end
- leading to central nervous system including brain
Effectiveness
- to actively find food, shelter, mates
- to detect enemies

Question 11

2 Characteristics of Protostomes and the 2 groups

Answer 11

characteristic: mouth before anus/ spiral, determinate clevage
1) Lophotrochozoa- from merging trochozoans and lophophorata
2) Ecdysozoa- share process of molting

Question 12

(Lophotroch.)

Platyhelminthes: 4 charateristics and what animal is this

Answer 12

Flatworms

• coelom lost with well developed organs
• gastrovascular cavity with One opening
• Ladder-type nervous system consisting of 2 nerve cords extending length of body(connect like rungs)
• simple brain made of 2 Ganglia

Question 13

4 Classes of Platyhelminthes and what type of animal

Answer 13

Class Turbellaria - free-living flatworms(planarians), marine/fresh
Class Trematoda and Monogenea - parasitic flukes
Class Cestoda - parasitic tapeworm

Question 14

(Loph)

Mollusks: 3 charateristics and 1 detail of each

Answer 14

1) soft-bodied animals - usually covered by shell
2) Ventral foot - for locomotion
3) Mantle - covers visceral mass(body organs)

Question 15

Mollusks:
Most have what type of circulatory system, what class does not have this?
Most use what for feeding, what class does not/ what do they do instead?
Most Marine mollusks have what larva?

Answer 15

• most have open circulatory in Hemocoel(invertebrate body cav)
  > Cephalopods have Closed circulatory system
• most have rasping radula for feeding
  > Bivalves are suspension feeders
• most marine have Trochophore larva (ciliated/free-swimming) which is in most Lophotrochozoan

Question 16

(Loph)
Mollusks: Class Polyplacophoa (many plates)
Includes what type of animal and 3 characteristics

Answer 16

includes marine Chitons

• shells have 8 overlapping plates
• reduced head
• No eye

Question 17

(Loph)
Mollusks: Which class has the largest group of mollusks who's body undergoes Torsion, and what types of animals are included??

Answer 17

Class Gastropoda

- snails slugs and relatives

Question 18

(Loph)
Mollusks: Which class are suspension feeders with a 2 part shell hinged dorsally enclosing the bodies, and what type of animals are included?

Answer 18

Class Bivalvia

- clams scallops oysters

Question 19

(Loph)
Mollusks: Class Cephalopoda
Includes what type of animals, and 3 Characteristics

Answer 19

Squid, octopus, Nautilus

• Active predatory swimmers
• most intelligent invertebrates
• tentacles surround mouth located in large head

Question 20

(Loph)

Annelids: 3 body characteristic and what type of animal is this

Answer 20

Segmented worms

• long bodies
• segmentation in and out
• large compartmentalize coelom that serves as hydrostatic skeleton

Question 21

(Loph)
Annelids: Class Polychaeta
What are they and what do they use for gas exchange and locomotion. Define these structures.
What does this Class have that is unlike other Annelids

Answer 21

Marine worms with Parapodia
Parapodia for movement/gas exchange - have many Setae
> Setae - bristle-like structures
Unlike other Annelids, have well-defined Head with Sense organs

Question 22

(Loph)
Annelids: Class Oligochaeta
what type of animal is it, and how is it characterized?

Answer 22

Earthworms

• characterized by few short setae per segment
• body divided into >100 segments by septa

Question 23

(Loph)
Annellids: which class is characterized by absence of Setae and Parapodia, what type of animal

Answer 23

Class Hirudinea

Leeches

Question 24

(Loph) | Lophophorates: how are they characterized (4)

Answer 24

- marine animals with a Lophophora - ocean floor dwellers - lack distinct head - have Lophophore

Question 25

What is a Lophophore

Answer 25

- ciliated ring of tentacles surround the mouth specialized to catch particles in water

Question 26

(Loph) | Rotifers: 3 characteristics

Answer 26

- microscopic multicellular - have brain and eye spots - Cell Constant (mature always have same # cells)

Question 27

(Ecdysozoans) | Nematodes: what animal is this, and what are 5 (body)characteristics

Answer 27

Roundworms - highly successful - simplified body from multiple lineages - pseudocoelom (not surrounded by mesoderm) - Body covered by tough cuticle preventing desiccation - decomposers, predators, parasites aquatic and soil

Question 28

(Ecdys) | What phylum makes of 80% of known animal species, and what are 2 features terrestrial forms have

Answer 28

Arthropods - terrestrial forms have internal branching tubes(tracheae) or plate-like surfaces for gas exchange(book lungs)

Question 29

(Ecdys) | Arthropods: Myriapoda, 3 characteristics, what 2 classes are included

Answer 29

- elongated with many segments - uniramous (unbranched) appendages - single pair of antennae > Class Chilopoda (centipedes) > Class Diplopoda (millipedes)

Question 30

(Edys) | Myriapoda: 2 characteristics of Class Chilopoda

Answer 30

- 1 pair of legs per seg | - predators with poison claws

Question 31

(Edys) | Myriapoda: 2 characteristics of Class Diplopoda

Answer 31

millipedes - 2 pairs of legs per seg - generally herbivorous

Question 32

(Edys) Arthropod: Chelicerates What 2 Classes are included, how is their body type, what are the 1st and 2nd appendages called. - one unique characteristic

Answer 32

Class Merostomes and Arachnids - Body: 2 parts, cephalothorax and abdomen. 6 pairs of jointed appendages(4 as legs) - 1st append; Chelicerae. 2nd; Pedipalps - no antennae or mandibles

Question 33

(Ecdys) Arthropod: Crustaceans what animals are included, how is their body, legs, and appendages?

Answer 33

Lobsters, crabs, shrimp, pill bugs, barnacles - body with cephalothorax and abdomen - 5 pairs of walking legs - append. are Biramous(form 2 branches)

Question 34

What is incomplete Metamorphosis

Answer 34

when the larva resembles adult without wings or reproductive structures

Question 35

what is complete metamorphosis

Answer 35

there are 4 distinct stages and the larva does Not look like the adult (caterpillars>>Butterfly)