Deconditioning
physiological changes due to inactivity
Friction
force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement.
- susceptible to pressure ulcers
- decrease surface area to reduce friction
Isotonic contraction
- concentric and eccentric muscle actions are necessary for active movement
Isometric contraction
Static contraction
- an increase in muscle tension or Muscle work, but nit shortening or active movement of muscle
Antagonistic muscle
movement at a joint
Synergistic muscle
contract to accomplish same movement
-active movers
Antigravity muscles
stabilize joints
- help person maintain upright sitting posture.
Safe patient transfer
- mechanical lifts & lift teams are essential when a patients is unable to assist
When patient is able to assist, remember the following principles:
- the wider the base support, the greater the stability of the nurse.
- the lower the center of gravity, the greater the stability of the nurse.
- equilibrium of an object is maintained as long as the line of gravity passes through its base support.
- facing the direction of the movement prevents twisting of the spine.
- dividing balanced activity between arms and legs reduces the risk of back injury
- leverage rolling, pivoting, or turning requires less work then lifting
- friction reduced between object to be moved and the surface on which it is moved, less force is required to move it.
Proprioception
Awareness of the position of the body and its parts
Recumbent positon
place him/her in lateral position, removing all positioning supports, all but one pillow.
-provides baseline data concerning patients body
Cardiovascular system (effects of exercise)
- increased CO
- improved myocardial contraction, stronger muscle
- decreased resting HR
- improved venous return
Pulmonary system (Exercise effects)
- increased RR and depth
- improved alveolar ventilation
decreased work breathing - improved diaphrgamtic excursion
Metabolic system (effects)
Increased:
- BMR
- use of glucose and fatty acids
- triglyceride breakdown
- gastric motility
- production of body heat
Musculoskeletal System (effects)
- improved muscle tone
- increased joint mobility
- improved muscle tolerance to exercise
- increase muscle mass
- reduced bone loss
Activity tolerance
- improved tolerance
- decreased fatigue
Psychosocial Factors (effects)
- improved tolerance to stress
- Felling better
- decrease in illness
Aerobic exercises
30 mins, 3-5 days per week
- Walking, running, byciling, aerobics dance, jumping rope and cross country skiing.
ROM
- stretching and flexibilty
resistance training
-increases muscle strength
Lift team
- use lift team when planning to move patient.
- team is properly educated in techniques to prevent musculoskeletal injuries
Patient handling equipment
adjustable beds, friction reducing slide sheets, etc
- Reduces the caregivers muscular strain during patient handling
walker
- takes step, moves walker forward, takes another step.
Canes
- have cane be on the stronger side pf the body
- two points of support
