CH 5

Question 1

Nails

Answer 1

thin plates consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum cells with hard keratin

Question 2

Nail body

Answer 2

the visible part of the nail

Question 3

Nail Root

Answer 3

Part of the nail covered in skin

Question 4

How do nails grow?

Answer 4

Distally

Question 5

Nail Fold

Answer 5

Holds the lateral and proximal edges of the nail in place

Question 6

Eponychium (cuticle)

Answer 6

stratum corneum from the nail fold that extends onto the nail body

Question 7

Nail matrix

Answer 7

• thick ET with a stratum basale (location of nail tissue formation)
• produces most of the nail

Question 8

Nail bed

Answer 8

the location where the nail attaches, distal to the nail matrix

Question 9

Lunula

Answer 9

part of the nail matrix visible through the nail body

Question 10

What results in the growth of the nail?

Answer 10

the production of cells within the nail matrix

Question 11

Do nails grow continually?

Answer 11

Yes, unlike hair

Question 12

The average rate of nail growth?

Answer 12

0.5-1.2 mm per day

Question 13

T/F: Nails have a resting stage

Answer 13

False, nails have NO resting stage

Question 14

T/F: Fingernails have a greater growth rate than toenails?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Integumentary System: Protection: Skin

Answer 15

• protects underlying structures from abrasion
• prevents entry of microorganisms
• melanin absorbs UV light/ protects underlying structures
• lipids act as a barrier to reduce water loss

Question 16

Integumentary System: Protection: Nails

Answer 16

• protect the ends of the fingers and toes from damage

- may be used in defense

Question 17

Integumentary System: Protection: Hair

Answer 17

• hair on scalp acts as a heat insulator and protects against UV light/abrasion
• eyebrows keep sweat out of eyes
• eyelashes protect the eyes from foreign objects
• hair in nose/ears prevents dust and materials from interesting

Question 18

Integumentary System: Other Functions: Sensation:

Answer 18

-skin contains sensory receptors for: heat, cold, touch, pressure, pain

Question 19

Integumentary System: Other Functions: Vitamin D Production

Answer 19

• UV light stimulates the production molecule in the skin that is modified into vitamin D
• Vitamin D increases Calcium uptake in the intestines

Question 20

Integumentary System: Other Functions: Temperature Regulation

Answer 20

• controls heat loss from the body and dilation and constriction of blood vessels
• sweat evaporates and lowers body temperature

Question 21

Integumentary System: Other Functions: Excretion

Answer 21

• minor function

- sweat glands remove small amounts of waste products (water, salt, urea, uric acid, ammonia)

Question 22

1st step in temperature regulation:

Answer 22

blood vessel dilation results in increased blood flow toward the surface of the skin

Question 23

2nd step in temperature regulation

Answer 23

increased blood flow beneath the epidermis results in increased heat loss

Question 24

3rd step in temperature regulation

Answer 24

blood vessel constriction results in decreased blood flow toward the surface of the skin

Question 25

4th step in temperature regulation

Answer 25

decreased blood flow beneath the epidermis results in decreased blood flow

Question 26

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Answer 26

- least malignant (tending to be severe and become progressively worse) - most common skin cancer - stratum basale cells proliferate and invade the dermis/hypodermis - slow growing and often don't metastasize (spread) - can be cured by surgical excision 99% of the time

Question 27

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 27

- rises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum - arise most often on scalp, ears, and lower lip - grows rapidly and will metastasize if not removed - prognosis is good if treated by radiation or removed surgically

Question 28

Melanoma

Answer 28

- cancer of melanocytes - most dangerous type of skin cancer - likely to metastasize - resistant to chemotherapy

Question 29

Characteristics of Melanoma (ABCD rule)

Answer 29

Asymmetry Border is irregular + exhibits indentations Color is black, brown tan, red or blue Diameter is larger than 6m

Question 30

how is melanoma treated?

Answer 30

-wide surgical excision accompanied by immunotherapy

Question 31

when is the chance of survival from melanoma poor?

Answer 31

when the lesion is over 4mm thick

Question 32

Burns can be classified into...

Answer 32

1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree

Question 33

1st Degree Burns

Answer 33

- least severe - only the epidermis is damaged - localized redness, swelling and pain

Question 34

2nd Degree Burns

Answer 34

- The Epidermis and upper regions of the dermis are damaged | - symptoms mimic 1st-degree burns, but Blisters also appear

Question 35

3rd Degree Burns

Answer 35

- most severe - entire thickness of the skin is damaged - burned area appears gray-white, cherry red, or black - no initial edema or pain (nerve endings are destroyed)

Question 36

Aging: Epidermal replacement of cells slows:

Answer 36

skin becomes thinner

Question 37

Aging: decreased elasticity and loss of subcutaneous tissue:

Answer 37

skin wrinkles

Question 38

Aging: Subcutaneous fat layer diminishes

Answer 38

intolerance of cold

Question 39

Aging: Sweat and Sebaceous glands are less active and the # of melanocytes decreases:

Answer 39

skin to become dryer and potentially itchy