Iso > Ch. 6 > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 2 sources of smoke

A

Incomplete Combustion

Pyrolitic Decomp

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2
Q

What is pyrolysis

A

Chemical break down of compounds

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3
Q

What does pyrolysis often lead to

A

Combustion

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4
Q

What does most of the smoke from a building come from

A

Pyrolysis

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5
Q

What does a heat sink absorb heat based on

A

Composition

Surface to mass ratio

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6
Q

What term is often used for pyrolysis

A

Off gassing

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7
Q

What are the prevalent solids in smoke

A

Soot

Ash

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8
Q

What is soot

A

Carbon

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9
Q

What is ash

A

Metals

Minerals

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10
Q

What color does carbon ad to a fire

A

Flat black

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11
Q

What color does ash ad to a fire

A

Dirty white

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12
Q

What are other solids in fire

A

Dust
Fibers
Pulp

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13
Q

What is a propelled or suspended liquid

A

Aerosol

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14
Q

What is a by product of combustion and pyrolysis

A

Water Vapor

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15
Q

Hydrocarbons produce what smoke color

A

Wet black

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16
Q

What is the minimum temp hydrocarbons will ignite

A

450

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17
Q

What gasses affect fire behavior

A 
CO
HCN
Acrolein
Hydrogen Sulfide
Benzene
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18
Q

What is the collective flammable percent range of smoke

A

1-74%

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19
Q

What products does complete combustion of materials render

A

Heat
Light
Co2
Water Vapor

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20
Q

What triggers smoke to ignite

A

Temp

Mixture

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21
Q

What is a piloted ignition

A

Spark

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22
Q

What are the 4 stages of fire

A

Ignition
Growth
Fully developed
Decay

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23
Q

What are smoke paths generally influenced by

A

Interior Geometry

Opening to exterior

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24
Q

What are the 6 phases of ventilation controlled fires

A 
Ignition 
Initial growth
Ventilation Limit
Explosive Growth
Fully Developed
Decay
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25
What phase does pyrolysis begin
Initial growth
26
What is a proactive solution to prevent the explosive growth phase
Protective cooling
27
What is the explosive growth phase a combination of
Flash over | Flame over
28
What is the intermittent lighting of smoke pockets called
Ghosting
29
Ghosting is a warning sign of
Flash over
30
What is the ignition and sustained burning of overhead smoke called
Flame over
31
Where does flame over typically orginate
Seat of the fire
32
What event happens when materials reach their ignition point simultaneously
Flash over
33
What fire event happens when air is reintroduced into a space
Backdraft
34
How long is a volume shift in a back draft
10-90sec
35
What does a backdraft sound like
Denotation
36
What is an indicator of built up pressure in a building
Smoke Velocity
37
What are the 4 characteristics of smoke
Volume Velocity Density Color
38
What 2 forces cause smoke to pressurize
Convection Heat | Smoke Volume
39
How does smoke move when it contains heat
Fast
40
What are the 2 types of smoke
Turbulent | Laminar
41
What causes turbulent smoke
Serious heat
42
What is the most important smoke observation
Velocity is turbulent or laminar
43
What does turbulence smoke indicate
Flashover environment
44
What does laminar smoke indicate
Box is absorbing heat
45
What does the thickness of smoke indicate
How much fuel
46
What is most smoked caused by
Pyrolysis
47
What does smoke color indicate
Heat | Location
48
What color is smoke from natural unfinished materials
Tan
49
What is the smoke color from synthetic or painted materials
Gray
50
What color is smoke from unfinished wood
Brown
51
What does brown smoke indicate
Significant heat
52
What does black fire indicate
Autoignition
53
What temps can black fire reach
Over 1000°
54
What changes the appearance of smoke
Weather Thermal Balance Container Size Firefighting
55
What are the 3 steps of reading smoke
View Analyze Determine
56
Plastic adds what product to smoke
Hydrocarbons
57
White smoke contains mostly
Moisture
58
What causes the explosive growth phase
Opening of more doors
59
What events are the explosive phase a result of
Flame over | Flash over
60
What does black smoke mean
Open flaming is near by
61
What is most of the smoke coming from at a typical building fire
Materials breaking down without burning. Pyrolysis
62
What are surfaces that are burning doing
Off-aggregating
63
What can soot support
Flaming
64
What are flow paths divided in to
Air track | Exhaust
65
What is the decay phase also called
Fuel limited phase
66
What happens when the room can no longer absorb heat and reflects radiant energy back onto itself
Flashover
67
What is a dangerously late warning sign
Sensation of heat
68
What does uniform smoke indicate
Concealed or deep seated
69
What weather condition allows smoke to dissipate more easily
Low humidity
70
What does sucking, puffing and breathing indicate
Fire is out of thermal balance
71
Low lying smoke in a sprinklered building indicates
Fire is not being controlled by sprinklers
72
What type of materials are solids suspended in smoke
High surface to mass
73
What is the volumetric composition of smoke
Particulate matter
74
What are the primary liquids in smoke at a structure fire
Moisture | Hydrocarbons
75
What are the surfaces that are smoking releasing
Particulates Aerosols Gases
76
What event can be delayed by opening a door or window
Explosive growth
77
Where do smoke explosions typically occur
Trapped smoke area
78
What color of smoke do solid materials emit when first heated
White
Iso
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