why do atoms bond
to become stable
what are the two types of bonding?
ionic and covalent bonding
what are the two types of covalent bonding?
polar and nonpolar
ionic bonding
- comes from the word ion
- the transfer/stealing of electrons
- gives/takes them
- ends up with ions
covalent bonding
- sharing of electrons
- “co” meaning together + same
ionic bonding has the attraction of what?
oppositely charged ions
covalent bonding has the attraction of what?
nucleus to another atom’s electrons
electronegativity
atom’s relative ability to attract/pull on electrons while bonding
what is electronegativity measured on a scale of?
0 - 4 (no units)
periodic trends for EN
- increases across periods
*more nuclear charge
*smaller radius
family/group trends for EN
- decreases down families/groups
*larger radius
*shielding effect(weaker pull)
can any element has an EN of 4?
NO ELEMENT CAN
How can you tell if it an ionic bond with EN?
If the difference between the two elements EN is greater than 1.7
How can you tell if it is a polar covalent bond?
If the difference between the two elements EN is between greater than 0.3 - less than 1.7
How can you tell if it is a non polar covalent bond?
If the difference between the two elements EN is between 0.0 - 0.3
what likes to make ionic bonds?
a metal with a nonmetal
what likes to make a covalent bond?
a nonmetal with a nonmetal
what doesn’t bond?
METAL + METAL
metals in ionic bonds
- loses electrons
- benefits from ionic bond
- weaker one(EN)
nonmetals in ionic bonds
- gains electrons
- loses from ionic bond
- stronger one(EN)
nonmetals in covalent bonds
- looking for extra electrons
- wants to share electrons
nonpolar covalent bond
- electrons shared equally
- equal distribution of charge
polar covalent bond
- electrons shared unequally
- unequal distribution of charge
if an element loses electrons, what charge does it have?
positive charge
