3 Domains
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Memory
Retention of information overtime
Sensory Memory
Rich and detailed information held in sensory form (sights, sounds, smells, etc.)
Very brief duration- an instant
Short Term Memory
Attention: sensory to short term
Limited duration (about 30 seconds)
Limited capacity (5-9 items)
Chunking
Grouping of items by category
Rehearsal
Conscious repetition of information
Imagery
Create a visual picture
Elaboration
Create a story, rhyme, etc.
Long term memory
Relatively permanent with “unlimited capacity”
Long periods of time
Goal: this is where true learning occurs
Retrieval
The memory task of taking information out of storage
2 types:
- Recall- retrieve previously learned information with no retrieval cues(ex. essay exam)
- Recognition- Identify or recognize the previously learned item (ex. multiple choice exam)
Interference theory
Something gets in the way of what we want to recall
Decay theory
Passage of time results in forgetting (use it or lose it)
Mnemonic
Memory aids for remembering
- Method of Loci
- Keyword
- Acronyms
Metacognition
“Thinking about thinking”
- Monitoring and reflecting on our thoughts
- Self-instruction- help alter what people say about themselves
- Important shift from learning controlled by others to responsibility for one’s own learning
