Ch 8: Cell Structure & Function

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

Question 2

cell theory

Answer 2

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 3

cell membrane

Answer 3

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

Control center of the cell that contains DNA

Question 5

eukaryote

Answer 5

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, animals, plants, fungi, and protists

Question 6

prokaryote

Answer 6

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended, the portion of the cell outside the nucleus

Question 8

organelle

Answer 8

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Question 9

vacuole

Answer 9

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 10

lysosome

Answer 10

A small, round cell structure containing enzymes that break down large food particles into smaller ones. mainly found in animal cells

Question 11

cytoskeleton

Answer 11

A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

Question 12

centriole

Answer 12

structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

Question 13

ribosome

Answer 13

site of protein synthesis

Question 14

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 14

internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified, can be smooth or rough (covered with ribosomes)

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

Question 16

chloroplast

Answer 16

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy (photosynthesis)

Question 17

mitochondrion

Answer 17

Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds (ATP) that are more convenient for the cell to use (cellular respiration)

Question 18

cell wall

Answer 18

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to plant and some bacteria cells

Question 19

lipid bilayer

Answer 19

flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings

Question 20

selectively permeable

Answer 20

some substances can pass across them and others cannot

Question 21

impermeable

Answer 21

Impassable, not allowing passage through

Question 22

permeable

Answer 22

penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or gas to pass through

Question 23

diffusion

Answer 23

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 24

facilitated diffusion

Answer 24

process of diffusion in which specific molecules pass across the membrane through protein channels

Question 25

aquaporin

Answer 25

water channel protein in a cell

Question 26

osmosis

Answer 26

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 27

isotonic

Answer 27

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Question 28

hypertonic

Answer 28

Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.

Question 29

hypotonic

Answer 29

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

Question 30

osmotic pressure

Answer 30

the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis

Question 31

homeostasis

Answer 31

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Question 32

tissue

Answer 32

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

Question 33

organ

Answer 33

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

Question 34

organ system

Answer 34

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Question 35

receptor

Answer 35

protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response

Question 36

active transport

Answer 36

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy, moves materials from low concentration to high concentration (against the concentration gradient)

Question 37

exocytosis

Answer 37

release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.

Question 38

endocytosis

Answer 38

A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane.

Question 39

pinocytosis

Answer 39

process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment, "cell drinking"

Question 40

phagocytosis

Answer 40

A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells. "cell eating"

Question 41

nucleolus

Answer 41

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes