ch 9: basic life support

Question 1

cpr meaning?

Answer 1

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

Question 2

A series of assessments and interventions using techniques and maneuvers made to bring victims of cardiac and respiratory arrest back to life.

Answer 2

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

Question 3

WHEN TO START C.P.R.

(enumerate)

Answer 3

1. UNCONSCIOUS / UNRESPONSIVE
2. NOT BREATHING OR HAS NO NORMAL BREATHING (ONLY GASPING)
3. NO DEFINITE PULSE

NOTE: RESPONDERS NEED TO GENERALLY ASSUME THAT ALL VICTIMS HAVE INFECTIOUS DISEASES SO THAT SAFETY PROTOCOLS MUST BE COMPLETELY OBSERVED AT ALL TIMES.

Question 4

ALL VICTIMS OF CARDIAC ARREST SHOULD RECEIVE CPR UNLESS:

(enumerate)

Answer 4

1. PATIENT HAS A VALID DNAR (DO NOT ATTEMPT RESUSCITATION) ORDER.
2. PATIENT HAS SIGNS OF IRREVERSIBLE DEATH (RIGOR MORT IS, DECAPITATION, DEPENDENT LIVIDITY).
3. NO PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFIT CAN BE EXPECTED BECAUSE THE VITAL FUNCTIONS HAVE DETERIORATED AS IN SEPTIC OR CARDIOGENIC SHOCK.
4. CONFIRMED GESTATION OF < 23 WEEKS OR BIRTH WEIGHT < 400 GRAMS, ANENCEPHALY.
5. ATTEMPTS TO PERFORM CPR WOULD PLACE THE RESCUER AT RISK OF PHYSICAL INJURY.

Question 5

WHEN TO STOP C.P.R.

(enumerate)

Answer 5

S — SPONTANEOUS SIGNS OF CIRCULATION ARE RESTORED.
T — TURNED OVER TO MEDICAL SERVICES OR PROPERLY TRAINED AND AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL.
O — OPERATOR IS ALREADY EXHAUSTED AND CANNOT CONTINUE CPR.
P — PHYSICIAN ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY (DECLARES DEATH, TAKES OVER, ETC).
S — SCENE BECOMES UNSAFE (SUCH AS TRAFFIC, IMPENDING OR ONGOING VIOLENCE – GUN FIRES, ETC.).
S — SIGNED WAIVER TO STOP CPR.

Question 6

C.P.R. SEQUENCE: THE CAB

Answer 6

COMPRESSION – AIRWAY – BREATHING

Question 7

CORE CONCEPT: OXYGEN TO THE BRAIN

Answer 7

C.P.R. SEQUENCE: THE CAB

Question 8

CREATE BLOOD FLOW BY INCREASING INTRA-THORACIC
PRESSURE AND DIRECTLY COMPRESS THE HEART; GENERATE BLOOD FLOW AND OXYGEN DELIVERY TO THE MYOCARDIUM AND BRAIN.

Answer 8

COMPRESSIONS

Question 9

REPRESENTS A HEART THAT IS ACTIVELY PUMPING BLOOD, MOST OFTEN RECOGNIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF A PULSE IN THE NECK (AND OTHER PERIPHERAL PULSES)

Answer 9

CIRCULATION

Question 10

ASSUME THERE IS NO CIRCULATION IF THE FOLLOWING EXISTS:

(enumerate)

Answer 10

UNRESPONSIVE,
NOT BREATHING,
NOT MOVING AND
POOR SKIN COLOR (CYANOTIC).

Question 11

POOR SKIN COLOR OR?

Answer 11

(CYANOTIC).

Question 12

SIGN OF LIFE?

Answer 12

RETURN OF SPONTANEOUS CIRCULATION (ROSC).

Question 13

COMPRESSION RATE?

Answer 13

100-120 per minute

Question 14

COMPRESSION DEPTH?

ADULTS & ADOLESCENTS

Answer 14

At least 2 inches (5cm) but should not exceed 2.4 inches (6cm)

Question 15

COMPRESSION DEPTH?

CHILDREN (age 1 year to puberty)

Answer 15

• At least 1/3 Antero-Posterior (AP) diameter of the chest
• About 2 inches (5cm)

Question 16

COMPRESSION DEPTH?

INFANTS (age less than 1 year, excluding newborns)

Answer 16

• At least 1/3 Antero-Posterior (AP) diameter of the chest
• About 1.5 inches (4cm)

Question 17

ADULT CPR

Answer 17

1. KNEEL FACING THE VICTIM’S CHEST.
2. PLACE THE HEEL OF ONE HAND ON THE CENTER OF THE CHEST.
3. PLACE THE HEEL OF THE SECOND HAND ON TOP OF THE FIRST SO THAT THE HANDS ARE OVERLAPPED AND PARALLEL.

Question 18

CHILD CPR

Answer 18

1. JUST BELOW THE NIPPLE LINE, LOWER HALF OF STERNUM
2. ONE HAND ONLY / TWO HANDS FOR BIG CHILDREN.
3. 30:2 FOR SINGLE RESCUER, 15:2 FOR 2-MAN RESCUER (OPTIONAL FOR HCP).

Question 19

INFANT CPR

Answer 19

1. JUST BELOW THE NIPPLE LINE, LOWER HALF OF THE STERNUM.
2. TWO FINGERS, FLEXING AT THE WRIST (LONE RESCUER).
3. 2 THUMB-ENCIRCLING HANDS TECHNIQUE (TWO RESCUERS).

Question 20

THIS MUST BE DONE TO ENSURE AN OPEN PASSAGE FOR SPONTANEOUS BREATHING OR MOUTH TO MOUTH DURING CPR

Answer 20

CAB: OPEN AIRWAY

Question 21

TILT THE HEAD BACK WITH YOUR ONE HAND AND LIFT UP THE CHIN WITH YOUR OTHER HAND

Answer 21

HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT MANEUVER

Question 22

A TECHNIQUE THAT CAN BE DONE BY AT LEAST TWO HIGHLY TRAINED BLS PROVIDERS (IF SUSPECTED WITH CERVICAL TRAUMA).

Answer 22

JAW THRUST MANEUVER

Question 23

COVER THE?

Answer 23

VICTIM’S MOUTH AND NOSE WITH CLOTH OR MASK BEFORE PERFORMING CHEST COMPRESSION.

Question 24

CAB: BREATHING

(enumerate)

Answer 24

1. MAINTAIN OPEN AIRWAY.
2. PINCH NOSE SHUT (IF MOUTH TO MOUTH RESCUE BREATHING (RB) IS PREFERRED).
3. OPEN YOUR MOUTH WIDE, TAKE A NORMAL BREATH, AND MAKE A TIGHT SEAL AROUND OUTSIDE OF VICTIM’S MOUTH.
4. GIVE 2 FULL BREATHS (1 SEC EACH BREATH).
5. OBSERVE CHEST RISE.
6. 30:2 (COMPRESSION TO VENTILATION RATIO).
7. 5 CYCLES OR 2 MINUTES.

Question 25

HIGH QUALITY C.P.R. ## Footnote (summary)

Answer 25

1. CORRECT COMPRESSION SITE. 2. ADEQUATE COMPRESSION RATE (100-120/MINUTE). 3. ADEQUATE COMPRESSION DEPTH * ADULT: AT LEAST 2 INCHES (5CM) BUT SHOULD NOT EXCEED 2.4 INCHES (6CM) * CHILDREN: ABOUT 2 INCHES (5CM) * INFANTS: ABOUT 1.5 INCHES (4CM) 4. CHEST RECOIL COMPLETED AFTER EACH COMPRESSION. 5. MINIMIZE INTERRUPTIONS TO LESS THAN 10 SECONDS IN BETWEEN CHEST COMPRESSIONS. 7. AVOIDANCE OF EXCESSIVE VENTILATION.

Question 26

random

Answer 26

- HCP ADULT CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM (IHCA) - BLS HEALTHCARE PROVIDER ADULT CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM (OHCA) - BLS LAY RESCUER ADULT CARDIAC ARREST ALGORITHM

Question 27

Location for Pulse Check (HCP only)

Answer 27

Adult: Carotid Pulse Children: Carotid Pulse or Femoral Pulse Infant: Brachial Pulse or Femoral Pulse

Question 28

PRIMARY C.P.R. PROCEDURE

Answer 28

* CONTINUE CPR UNTIL: - AED ARRIVES AND STARTS TO ANALYZE - EMS PROVIDERS TAKE OVER THE CARE OF THE VICTIM * REASSESS VICTIM EVERY AFTER 2 MINS. * RESCUERS MAY SWITCH ROLES (FOR TWO-MAN RESCUER) * IF PATIENT BECOMES CONSCIOUS, PLACE PATIENT IN ***RECOVERY POSITION***

Question 29

C.P.R. WITH ADVANCE AIRWAY (HCP ONLY)

Answer 29

* CYCLES OF 30 COMPRESSIONS : 2 VENTILATIONS SHOULD BE CONTINUED UNTIL AN ADVANCED AIRWAY IS PLACED * IF AN ADVANCED AIRWAY IS ALREADY IN PLACE: - CONTINUOUS CHEST COMPRESSIONS AT A RATE OF 100-120 PER MINUTE, WITHOUT PAUSES FOR VENTILATION. - VENTILATION RATE OF 1 BREATH EVERY 6 SEC. (10 BREATHS PER MINUTE)

Question 30

AED meaning

Answer 30

AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR

Question 31

ARE SOPHISTICATED, COMPUTERIZED DEVICES THAT CAN ANALYZE A HEART RHYTHM AND PROMPTS THE USER TO DELIVER A SHOCK WHEN NECESSARY

Answer 31

AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR

Question 32

THESE DEVICES ONLY REQUIRE THE USER TO TURN IT ON AND FOLLOW THE AUDIO INSTRUCTIONS WHEN PROMPTED.

Answer 32

AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR

Question 33

PARTS OF AN AED

Answer 33

1. PADS 2. PADS CONNECTOR PORT 3. DEFIBRILLATOR 4. POWER BUTTON 5. SHOCK BUTTON

Question 34

AED IS USED TO: ## Footnote (enumerate)

Answer 34

1. APPLY CONTROLLED ELECTRICAL SHOCK 2. RESTORE AN ORGANIZED RHYTHM 3. ENABLE THE HEART TO CONTRACT AND PUMP BLOOD

Question 35

A PROCESS IN WHICH AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE (SUCH AS AED), GIVES AN ELECTRICAL SHOCK TO THE HEART.

Answer 35

DEFIBRILLATION

Question 36

STOPS **VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (VF)** BY USING AN ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND ALLOWS THE RETURN OF A NORMAL HEART RHYTHM.

Answer 36

DEFIBRILLATION

Question 37

For every minute defibrillation is delayed the victim’s survival rate?

Answer 37

decreases by 10%

Question 38

EARLY DEFIBRILLATION IS CRITICAL FOR VICTIMS OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST BECAUSE:

Answer 38

* THE MOST FREQUENT RHYTHM IN SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST IS VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (VF). * THE MOST EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR VF IS DEFIBRILLATION * ALSO INDICATED FOR PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA * DEFIBRILLATION IS MOST LIKELY TO BE SUCCESSFUL IF IT OCCURS WITHIN MINUTES OF COLLAPSE (SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST) * DEFIBRILLATION MAY BE INEFFECTIVE IF IT IS DELAYED * VF DETERIORATES TO ASYSTOLE IF NOT TREATED

Question 39

THE MOST FREQUENT RHYTHM IN SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

Answer 39

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (VF).

Question 40

THE MOST EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR VF IS

Answer 40

DEFIBRILLATION

Question 41

DEFIBRILLATION ALSO INDICATED FOR?

Answer 41

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

Question 42

SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS:

Answer 42

1. VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION (VF) 2. PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA 3. TORSADE DE POINTES

Question 43

A SPECIFIC TYPE OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, OR FAST HEART RHYTHM THAT BEGINS IN YOUR HEART VENTRICLES.

Answer 43

TORSADE DE POINTES

Question 44

NON-SHOCKABLE RHYTHMS:

Answer 44

1. ASYSTOLE 2. PULSELESS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY (PEA)

Question 45

COMMON AND TREATABLE INITIAL RHYTHM IN ADULTS WITH WITNESSED CARDIAC ARREST.

Answer 45

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

Question 46

SURVIVAL RATES ARE HIGHEST WHEN IMMEDIATE BYSTANDER CPR IS PROVIDED AND DEFIBRILLATION OCCURS WITHIN 3 TO 5 MINUTES OF COLLAPSE.

Answer 46

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

Question 47

RAPID DEFIBRILLATION IS THE TREATMENT OF CHOICE.

Answer 47

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

Question 48

RHYTHM CAUSING ‘ALL’ SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST.

Answer 48

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

Question 49

USELESS QUIVERING OF THE HEART →

Answer 49

NO BLOOD FLOW. ## Footnote VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

Question 50

**MYOCARDIUM IS DEPLETED OF OXYGEN & METABOLIC SUBSTRATES.**

Answer 50

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

Question 51

THE PATIENT WILL BE PULSELESS.

Answer 51

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

Question 52

RHYTHM - VERY WIDE QRS COMPLEX IN ECG TRACINGS AND ORIGINATES IN THE VENTRICLES.

Answer 52

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

Question 53

RATE - GREATER THAN 180 BEATS PER MINUTE.

Answer 53

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

Question 54

PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

Answer 54

* RATE - GREATER THAN 180 BEATS PER MINUTE. * RHYTHM - VERY WIDE QRS COMPLEX IN ECG TRACINGS AND ORIGINATES IN THE VENTRICLES. * THE PATIENT WILL BE PULSELESS.

Question 55

CAUSES OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST

Answer 55

1. HYPOXIA - NEAR DROWNING - BURST LUNG - DECOMPRESSION ILLNESS - REBREATHER MALFUNCTION - CHOKING - CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING 2. BLEEDING 3. HEART ATTACK 4. DRUG OVERDOSE

Question 56

SEVERAL FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT AED ANALYSIS:

Answer 56

- PATIENT MOVEMENT. - REPOSITIONING THE PATIENT.

Question 57

USE AED ONLY WHEN VICTIMS HAVE THE FOLLOWING 3 CLINICAL FINDINGS:

Answer 57

1. NO RESPONSE 2. NO BREATHING 3. NO PULSE

Question 58

SPECIAL CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT THE USE OF AED

Answer 58

1. THE VICTIM IS LESS THAN 1 YEAR OLD. 2. THE VICTIM HAS A HAIRY CHEST. 3. THE VICTIM IS LYING IN WATER, IMMERSED IN WATER, OR WATER IS COVERING THE VICTIM’S CHEST. 4. THE VICTIM HAS IMPLANTED DEFIBRILLATOR, OR PACEMAKER. 5. THE VICTIM HAS A TRANSDERMAL MEDICATION PATCH OR OTHER OBJECT ON THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN WHERE THE AED ELECTRODE PADS ARE PLACED.

Question 59

The 4 critical steps of aed operation (PAAS)

Answer 59

P — Power on the aed A — Attach the elctrodes pads to the victim's chest A — (clear the victim and) Analyze the heart rhythm S — (clear the victim and deliver a) Shock (if indicated)

Answer 60

IF THE AED PROMPT INITIALLY TELLS “NO SHOCK ADVISED”: CONTINUE CPR FOR 2 MINUTES FOLLOW VOICE PROMPT IF THE AED PROMPT TELLS “NO SHOCK ADVISED” FOR THE SECOND TIME: CHECK FOR PULSE (HCP) CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS (LAY RESCUER)