What is movement in living organisms?
An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.
Define respiration in the context of living organisms.
The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.
What does sensitivity refer to in living organisms?
The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment.
How is growth defined in living organisms?
A permanent increase in size and dry mass.
What is reproduction in living organisms?
The processes that make more of the same kind of organism.
What does excretion involve in living organisms?
The removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements.
Define nutrition in the context of living organisms.
The taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development.
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.
Describe the binomial system of naming species.
An internationally agreed system where the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts: genus and species.
What is a dichotomous key?
A tool used to identify organisms based on a series of questions about their features.
What is the sequence of classification in biological taxonomy?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
True or False: Classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships.
True.
What role do DNA sequences play in classification?
They are used to determine how closely related different species are.
List the five kingdoms of living organisms.
- Animals
- Plants
- Fungi
- Protoctists
- Prokaryotes
What are the main features of prokaryotes?
Prokaryotic cell type, unicellular, and absence of a nucleus.
What distinguishes the plant kingdom?
Multicellular organisms with chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls that feed by photosynthesis.
What are the main groups of vertebrates?
- Mammals
- Birds
- Reptiles
- Amphibians
- Fish
Fill in the blank: The main features used to place organisms into groups within the plant kingdom are ferns and _______.
[flowering plants (dicotyledons and monocotyledons)].
What are the characteristics of fungi?
Usually multicellular, cell walls not made of cellulose, feed by saprophytic or parasitic nutrition.
How do you distinguish between monocotyledons and dicotyledons based on leaf veins?
Monocotyledons have parallel leaf veins; dicotyledons have reticulated leaf veins.
True or False: All vertebrates have a backbone.
True.
What is the significance of chlorophyll in plants?
It absorbs energy from sunlight for the process of photosynthesis.
List two features of ferns.
- Leaves called fronds
- Reproduce by spores on the underside of fronds.
What is the mode of nutrition for prokaryotes?
Autotrophic (photosynthetic/chemotrophic).
