CTEL > Ch11 > Flashcards

Ch11 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What is the chief vehicle for deploying power?

A

Language

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2
Q

Language is a social ___

A

asset

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3
Q

Allowing only English puts EL’s at a ___

A

disadvantage

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4
Q

Teachers work under conditions that are higly affected by __ & __ conditions

A

social

political

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5
Q

What is true about the role of the teacher in creating and executing policy pertaining to the cultural aspect of schooling?

A

It is crucial

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6
Q

Tollefson researched __ and __ in language eduction

A

power

inequity

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7
Q

What two areas did Tollefson examine in language education?

A

Descriptive: How it is used
Evaluative: How policy shapes language

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8
Q

What 4 descriptive relationships of language behavior and social participation did Tollefson research?

A
  • Diglossia: When hi & low language status is used
  • Code shifting: Why is a language is chosen?
  • Relations of Dominance: How language maintains social position
  • Register shifts: Formal to non-formal
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9
Q

According to Tollefson, language can be a __ a __ or a __

A

problem
a right
a resource

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10
Q

What did Tollefson’s “evaluative” research on evaluative language include (5)

A
  • Standardizing
  • Purifying
  • Preserving
  • Reviving
  • Establishing a National Language
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11
Q

Who studied the power of discursive practices?

A

Foucault

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12
Q

What did Foucault link to language?

A

Power

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13
Q

What does language do for those in power according to Foucault?

A

Favors

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14
Q

(Hegemony) According to Foucault, people are influenced to follow invisible norms and forms of culture even …

A

when it is not to their advantage

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15
Q

Foucault showed that language is not neutral and discursive practices are inseparable from the …

A

workings of power

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16
Q

What did Fairclough do with the work of Foucault?

A

Offered a 3-level structure to examine the features of written or spoken words

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17
Q

What are the 3 levels Fairclough used to examine the written/spoken text?

A
    • Describe features
  • Style, tone, vocab
  • Assumptions of the reader?
  • Gendered features?
    • Institutional Influence
  • Group/Social agency supplying the message
    • Sociocultural Context
  • How influenced by culture, age, gender
  • Hidden message knowing cultural origin?
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18
Q

Bourdieu thinks of language as __ __

A

social capital

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19
Q

Who has cultural capital in a capitalistic society?

A

Native speakers of high-status languages

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20
Q

What does Bourdieu believe is true about lower-status language speakers?

A

They have to work to overcome the language

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21
Q

What are examples of social capital available to the middle class according to Bourdieu? (9)

A
  • Transportation to libraries
  • Buy school related materials
  • Visiting museums
  • Music / Art lessons
  • Traveling
  • Supervised HW
  • Tutors
  • Attending school functions
  • Moving to the best districts
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22
Q

What is Bourdieu’s “reproduction in education” theory?

A

Schools act as agents of an economic system to reproduce the existing distribution of capital

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23
Q

According to Bourdieu, what drives teacher responses to and expectations of students

A

Perceived success of the student

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24
Q

How does Bourdieu perceive schooling policy behaves?

A

As currency that functions as powerfully as cash

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25
Cummings viewed that language policies should be __
emancipatory
26
What two area did Cummins state delineated educational practices?
- Collaborative | - Coercive
27
How does Cummings urge educators to create a positive school environment?
- Affirm diversity - Honor differences - Think critically - Solve problems
28
What does Cummings state will happen to EL's when they are submitted to a "transmission model" of pedagogy?
Reduces self-worth and undermines achievement
29
What does Cummings state occurs when students are forced to conform (Only use dominant language)
identity eradication
30
Cummings critical pedagogy calls for education of ___ ___ where teachers are dedicated to ___ ___
- transformative action | - social change
31
What is expected regarding teachers and influencing language policy?
They can and should
32
Teaching is an __ activity and teachers need to serve as ___ for all students
ethical | advocates
33
What does educational equity require from teachers?
- Discipline | - Vigilant self-observation
34
What 4 things can a teacher do to promote educational equity
- Accept students' personalization of instruction - Use multi-cultural examples - Listen carefully to stories and voices of all students - Practice everyday equity
35
To ensure educational equity, obtain ___ material that presents __, __ role models
unbiased | diverse, postive
36
What should you ensure adequate time for with EL's?
L1 skill development
37
To ensure a positive cultural climate, school practices outside the academic area should be ___
non-discriminatory
38
What 3 school practices outside the academic area should be non-discriminatory?
- Prestigious extracurricular positions - Dress code - Staff members equally courteous to all students and visitors
39
What should be done for teachers who translate letters sent home to EL parents?
Extra-duty assignments should be adjusted
40
What should be done with teaching staff to encourage collaboration?
Socially integrated
41
What should be true of primary language material among EL teachers?
Shared freely
42
What are 4 ways Principals cans display school-site leadership?
- Advocate for funding - Work to configure classes and sizes to benefit EL's - Appoint a mentor for assisting new teachers - Lead by example
43
How can schools improve the ambiance of the school by attracting community attention?
- Success in academic competitions
44
How can schools improve the ambiance of the school with the participants in activities?
Ensure they are culturally and linguistically diverse
45
How can schools improve the ambiance of the school with certain contests?
Have them held in an L2
46
What should be done for teachers who sponsor academically oriented extracurricular activities?
Paid a supplement as athletic coaches are
47
How can schools build rapport when sending home reports and notices?
Send them in the home language
48
What are 4 ways to show family participation is valued?
- Community reps can advise on practices involving CLD's - Allow families to use the library to check out books with their children - Make facilities available for community groups - Have a Community Literacy Day where everyone brings a book to share
49
School policy is shaped by the community, but teachers can take responsibility for shaping community __ and __
beliefs and values
50
How can a teacher participate in professional growth and service? (2)
- Share expertise w/ teachers, staff or community members | - Participate in leadership for EL development programs
51
What are two ways teachers can influence board policy?
- Participate in a committee that makes recommendations to the board - Attend board meetings to signal that language-minority students' achievement is being monitored
52
How can teachers support EL's in the community? (4)
- Affirm variety in the neighborhoods - Patronize minority businesses - Fundraise for EL scholarships - Support CBO to make community services user-friendly
53
What does the PEI (Parent Education Institute) do to support Latinos going to college?
Sets up booths at colleges
54
When are other languages accepted in a community?
If no fear of economic or political encroachment by immigrants
55
What can be done to help EL's at community libraries?
Support other language books
56
How can teachers support and collaborate with the community library?
- Share plans to ensure resource (books) availability - Justify the need of 2nd language material - Conduct public classes open to parents - Encourage parents to use the library
57
How can teachers use community members to support bilingualism?
Have community members speak to classes regarding the value of knowing 2 languages
58
What two partnerships with community and business leaders support EL education?
- Support internships, tutoring, mentoring | - Finance language programs for parents/adults
59
What are 3 opportunities available for teachers in terms of State Commissions and Professional Organizations?
- Write statewide curricula, adopt textbooks and serve on advisory boards - Join TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages - Join NABE (National Association for Bilingual Education)
60
How can teachers develop expertise? (3)
- Attend professional conferences - Read professional articles - Self-publish
61
What are two actions that show professional leadership?
- Mentor beginning teachers | - Volunteer, present and take positions in organizations
62
What can be done by teachers to influence legislatures
Letters and phone calls
63
Why do legislators need to hear from teachers?
To balance other voices
64
What 2 things can be done to support public policy?
- Send subscriptions to professional magazines to legislative libraries - Teachers and parents can organize letter writing campaigns
65
What may be true about linguicism?
It may violate the 1st Amendment if "official language" is declared
66
What should be promoted to counter linguicism
Promote bilingual and bicultural education
67
When more than one language is spoken in a region, what is generally true about comparative the social status
Rarely are they equal
68
What is true about federal funds for innovation?
Billions of dollars in grant money are available that teachers can apply for by working with grant specialists on proposals
69
What can be done to influence congressional reps? (2)
- Request professional organizations send cards and letters | - Email campaigns to bring critical aspects of pending legislation to reps
70
How is a "National Spirit" created?
Through individuals who voice their opinions freely
71
What do teachers need to exercise frequently and at length in support of the "National Spirit"
writing skills
72
Teachers voicing experiences and concerns can __ demagogues
diffuse
73
Teacher can make policy makers aware of the need for workers proficient in ...
more than one language
74
Along with parents and school administrators, teachers can advocate for programs for ___ students
CLD
CTEL
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