Ch17: Cows

Question 1

Bovine

Answer 1

Cattle

Question 2

Cow

Answer 2

Adult female

Question 3

Bull

Answer 3

Adult male

Question 4

Steer

Answer 4

Castrated male

Question 5

Heifer

Answer 5

young female cow not yet bred

Question 6

springing heifer

Answer 6

young female cow pregnant with first calf

Question 7

calf

Answer 7

young cow

Question 8

calving or freshening

Answer 8

labor process

Question 9

herd

Answer 9

group of cattle

Question 10

freemartin

Answer 10

sterile adult cow

Question 11

Miniature breeds

Answer 11

zebu cattle

Question 12

large breeds

Answer 12

limousine and brahman

Question 13

dual purpose breeds

Answer 13

south Devon and salers cattle

Question 14

DHI program

Answer 14

Dairy Herd Improvement

Question 15

All cattle must…

Answer 15

• Belong to a registered breed association
• Have permanent IDs
• Have a pedigree on record

Question 16

All cattle within a herd must be….

Answer 16

tested

Question 17

TMR

Answer 17

total mix ration (fed 3-4 times a day)

Question 18

what do lactating cows require?

Answer 18

the most nutrients

Question 19

factors to consider when feeding lactating cows

Answer 19

Size, stage of lactation, quality of milk, labor capability, food quality, cost, and palatability

Question 20

lactating cows are usually fed

Answer 20

1 lb of hq grain for every 2.5–3 lbs of milk, hq hay at 1.5–2% body weight

Question 21

BCS

Answer 21

Body condition scoring: Used from when calf is born through its purpose as an adult, whether as a dairy cow or a beef cow

Question 22

Cattle that are shown or handled regularly for milking procedures…

Answer 22

Trained to follow routines and may be led with a halter and lead rope

Question 23

How must cows be trained?

Answer 23

in a calm manner

Question 24

Can cattle see 360 degrees behind them?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

All cattle should have....

Answer 25

Ear tag ID, neck tag ID, microchip, tattoo, brand, or earmark

Question 26

Dehorning

Answer 26

Removal of horns

Question 27

Castration

Answer 27

Surgical removal of testicles

Question 28

Vaccinations

Answer 28

Dairy calves get boosters at 3–4 months and 5–6 months, then annually

Question 29

Hypocalcemia or milk fever

Answer 29

Occurs in lactating cows; due to low blood calcium

Question 30

Ketosis

Answer 30

Causes low blood sugar, similar to diabetes

Question 31

Blackleg

Answer 31

Fatal disease caused by bacteria that can live in soil for many years

Question 32

Anaplasmosis

Answer 32

Noncontagious parasitic protozoan disease that affects dogs, cats, and ruminants

Question 33

Cow-calf system

Answer 33

goal=breed cattle @ 2 yrs of age, born in late winter/early spring

Question 34

Back-grounding system

Answer 34

goal=raise calf for market size for profit, weaned, fed, sold

Question 35

Finishing system

Answer 35

grows all the way through adult stage, sold

Question 36

what must a cow be for lactation to occur

Answer 36

bred

Question 37

how long do cows produce milk a year

Answer 37

305 days

Question 38

how long is gestation cycle

Answer 38

283 days

Question 39

dry cow period

Answer 39

50-60 days

Question 40

an utter has...

Answer 40

4 quarters, each with 1 teat

Question 41

Purebred business

Answer 41

breed of dairy cattle registered with a known pedigree

Question 42

Commercial business

Answer 42

grade type of dairy cow that is a mixed breed

Question 43

how often are cows milked

Answer 43

2-4 times a day

Question 44

Feeding the dry cow

Answer 44

Placed on good-quality grass hay for 2–3 weeks

Question 45

Feeding beef cattle

Answer 45

Fed high-quality grains or pellet-based diets high in protein and fat