Ch18: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems

Question 1

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Answer 1

An area of clinical practice that deals with communication problems of people who have complex communication needs

Question 2

Complex Communication Needs

Answer 2

Problems may occur at any point across the life span

Question 3

Speech & Language

Answer 3

When someone is not developing these skills or has lost these abilities, AAC intervention approaches are required to meet their CCN

Question 4

Speech

Answer 4

Oral expression of language

Question 5

Language

Answer 5

Consists of 5 Basic Elements

-Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics

Question 6

Speech-Generating Devices

Answer 6

• Produce digitally recorded or synthesized speech output

- AAC tools that can significantly improve communication for individuals with CCN

Question 7

Vocalization

Answer 7

• Production of sounds
• Can be an effective way of communicating things like yes and no, anger (screaming), happiness (laughing), sadness (crying), and getting attention

Question 8

Dysarthria

Answer 8

Disorder of motor speech control resulting from central or peripheral nervous system damage that causes weakness, slowness, and a lack of coordination of the muscles necessary for speech production

Question 9

Apraxia

Answer 9

(Verbal) A disorder affecting the coordination of motor movements involved in producing speech caused by a CNS dysfunction

Question 10

Traditional Orthography

Answer 10

Symbols as the familiar alphabetic written language or it may be a set of pictographic symbols conveying meaning (ex. Hieroglyphics or other special symbols) or a set of hand movements (sign language) or gestures

Question 11

Aphasia

Answer 11

• A type of language disorder that often occurs as a result of a stroke or TBI
• Can affect both expression and reception of spoken and written language

Question 12

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Answer 12

Degenerative diseases

Question 13

Emergent Communicators

Answer 13

Have no reliable method of symbolic expression, and they know they are restricted to communicating about here-and-now concepts

Question 14

Context-Dependent Communicators

Answer 14

Have reliable symbolic communication, but they are limited to specific contexts because they are either only intelligible to familiar partners, have insufficient vocab, or both

Question 15

Independent Communicators

Answer 15

• Able to communicate with unfamiliar and familiar partners on any topic
• Each of these communicators has different needs and goals

Question 16

Dynamic Communication Displays

Answer 16

• Change the selection set displayed when a choice is made

- Used on mobile phones, tablets, websites, and many other mainstream applications and SGDs

Question 17

Visual Scene Displays

Answer 17

Create displays that capture events in a person’s life on the screen with hotspots that can be accessed to retrieve information

Question 18

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 18

• A nonprogressive motor impairment due to a lesion or anomalies of the brain arising in the early stages of its development
• Impaired voluntary movement resulting from prenatal developmental abnormalities or perinatal or postnatal CNS damage
• Primarily disorder of muscle tone and postural control

Question 19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 19

Characterized by significant social communication challenges throughout life that reflect impairments in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted, repetitive, stereotypical patterns of behavior, interests, and activities

Question 20

Stroke (CVA)

Answer 20

Incidence of irregular blood flow within the brain causing an interruption in brain function

Question 21

Traumatic Brain Injury

Answer 21

• May occur when the head or brain is struck by an external force; one of these two criteria must be satisfied for the diagnosis: either the patient has amnesia from the traumatic event, or the patient has a documented loss of consciousness
• Can result in the loss of speech and often causes physical, cognitive, and language impairments and motor impairment is often severe in TBI.
• Cognition Problems: Thinking, memory, and reasoning
• Sensory Processing Problems: Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell
• Communication Problems: Expression and understanding)
• Behavior, or Mental Health Problems: Depression, anxiety, personality changes, aggression, acting out, and social inappropriateness

Question 22

Icon Prediction

Answer 22

A feature of Minspeak based augmentative and alternative communication devices that aids in recalling stored sequences

Question 23

Opportunity Barriers

Answer 23

Barriers that involve policies, practices, attitudes, knowledge, and skills of those who support the person with complex communication needs

Question 24

Selection Set

Answer 24

The items available from which user choices are made; in augmentative and alternative communication devices, this is the component that presents the symbol system and possible vocabulary selections to the user

Question 25

Skilled Nursing Facility

Answer 25

Special facility or part of a hospital that provides medically necessary professional services from nurses, physical and occupational therapists, speech pathologists, and audiologists

Question 26

Access Barriers

Answer 26

Barriers that involve policies, practices, attitudes, knowledge, and skills of those who support the person with complex communication needs