Ch.2.6

Question 1

Although water covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface, most of it is sea water and only about ______% is fresh water

Answer 1

3

Question 2

Only _________% of the fresh water on Earth is in rivers and lakes

Answer 2

0.4

Question 3

Water is a ____________ resource.

Answer 3

Precious

Question 4

In many parts of the world, fresh water supplies cannot meet our needs. ______________ _________ will make the situation worse.

Answer 4

Population growth.

Question 5

It is important that we must use water _____________ and not waste it.

Answer 5

Wisely

Question 6

As water resources are limited, we need to ____________ water in daily life.

Answer 6

Conserve.

Question 7

Names 7 ways to conserve water at home.

Hints: take, run, wash, use, repair, save, turn

Answer 7

• Take a short shower instead of a bath or a long shower
  
  • Run the washing machine only when you have a full load
  • Wash dishes in a basin rather than under running water
  • Use water saving devices such as a washing machine with the Grade 1 efficiency label
  • Repair any dripping taps as soon as possible
  • Save water used to wash fruits and vegetables for watering your plants
  • Turn off the tap instead of letting the water run while you brush your teeth

Question 8

Human activities produce various kinds of pollutants. If pollutants are discharged directly into rivers, lakes or seas, they may cause ___________________.

Answer 8

Water pollution.

Question 9

Name the three main sources of pollution.

Answer 9

Discharging waste water directly, littering and dumping solid waste and oil spill accidents

Question 10

A lot of waste water is produced from __________, ___________, _________ and ______________

Answer 10

Homes, restaurants, farms and factories

Question 11

The waste water from different sources contains different ____________.

Answer 11

Pollutants.

Question 12

Harmful effects of discharging waste water directly:

• _______________, ______________, ______________ and _____________ promote the growth of algae
• If algae grows rapidly in a short period of time, they use up the _________ in water
• Fish and other aquatic life may die due to _______________
• _____________ and toxic chemicals cause harmful effects to nearly all life forms

Answer 12

Human waste, animal waste, detergents, fertilisers, oxygen, suffocation, pesticides

Question 13

Some people pollute the environment directly by throwing solid waste on beaches and in rivers and seas, such as:

        * Plastic \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
        * \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nets

Answer 13

Bags, bottles, fishing

Question 14

Harmful effects of littering and dumping solid waste:

            * Solid waste can be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to animals, eg:
            * Sea lions and sea turtles may get trapped in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
        * Fish may mistake \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for food

Answer 14

Hazardous, fishing nets, plastic

Question 15

Oil from accidental spills of ____________ ships causes series pollution.

Answer 15

Oil tanker

Question 16

Harmful effects accidental oil spills:

   * Oil floats on water and prevents \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from dissolving into sea water
   * Fish die from lack of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
   * Sea birds cannot fly when their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are covered with oil
   * They also cannot use their feathers to keep \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and may die of cold

Answer 16

Oxygen X2, feathers, warm

Question 17

• Controls of water pollution
  
  • Use only the needed amount of ___________ for washing
  • Take part in a ________________ campaign
  • Do not throw ____________ into seas and onto beaches
  • Dispose of _____________ waste properly in laboratories
  • Do not dispose of solid waste in ____________ or street drains

Answer 17

Detergent, beach clean-up, rubbish, chemical, toilets

Question 18

The Hong Kong Government has also taken practical and __________ measures to reduce water pollution, eg:
* Laws have been set up to restrict the discharge of ____________ __________ _________ from restaurants, farms and factories

Answer 18

legal, untreated waste water

Question 19

Waste water treatment in Hong Kong:
About __________ million cubic metres of waste water are produced every day. Before discharging the waste water into seas and rivers, the waste water has to be treated to _______________ ____________ ______________

Answer 19

2.9

Reduce water pollution

Question 20

The ________________ _____________ ______________ (_ _ _) is responsible for the treatment of waste water.

Answer 20

Drainage services department, dsd

Question 21

The department that is responsible for the treatment of waste water operates over _ _ _ ________________ _____________ ______________ including _ _ _____________ _______________ ____________. In each of these plants, sewage is treated to remove the ________________ ______________ it contains.

Answer 21

200 sewage treatment facilities, 67 sewage treatment plants, harmful substances

Question 22

Harmful chemical wastes from factories are collected and sent to the ____________ _____________ _____________ ______________ (_ _ _ _) for treatment. Chemical wastes from __________________ ______________________ are also treated in the same place.

Answer 22

Chemical waste treatment centre, school laboratories

Question 23

Harbour area treatment scheme

• to improve the water quality of ___________ ________, the Hong Kong government introduced the harbour treatment scheme (_ _ _ _) in 1990s
• since the implementation of _ _ _ _, the _________ ___________ of the Victoria Harbour has improved: the overall _________________ level in the harbour has reduced ______________

Answer 23

Victoria Harbour
HATS
HATS
Water quality 
E. Coli
Significantly