Demography
the study of population
Birth rate
The number of births per thousand people
Death rate
The number of deaths per thousand people
Natural increase the difference between the birth rate and the death rate
the difference between the birth rate and the death rate when the birth rate is higher
Natural decrease the difference between the birth rate and the death rate
the difference between the birth rate and the death rate when the death rate is higher
Total fertility rate
the average number of children per woman
Life expectancy
how long a person is expected to live at the time of their birth
Economically active people
People aged 15-64 who can work and pay taxes to support those who dont
Dependent population
people who are over 65 and under 15 and dont work or pay taxes
Dependency ratio
the number of those at work paying taxes compared to those who are too young or old to work
Child mortality rate
the death of children under the age of 5
Factors affecting population - Food supply
- when food is plentiful, population increases
- when there is a lack of food, the population decreases
- eg. Famine in Ireland caused population to decrease
Factors affecting population - Improved technology
- new technology (farming/healthcare) can improve living standards and increase population
- eg. Farming - fertilisers, greenhouses
Factors affecting population - Healthcare
- if a country’s healthcare is good population increase
- poor healthcare causes population decrease
- medicine, vaccinations, clean waer
- eg. Ethiopia = poor healthcare and high death rates
Factors affecting population - War
- decreases population as people die
- population can increase when war is over
- eg. Germany in ww1 and ww2
Factors affecting population - Status of women
- more women than men means low birth rate
- sometimes women have no control over how many children they have (population increase)
Factors affecting population - Education
people who stay in education for longer usually have less children (vice-versa)
Population cycle - stage 1
high fluctuating: High birth rate, high death rate. Low population growth due to famine, disease and natural disasters
- example un contacted tribes in Amazon
Population cycle - stage 2
early expanding: The economy improves. Money is spent on healthcare and clean water. Birth rate stays high, death rate drops a lot
(Population increases)
- eg. Nigeria
Population cycle - stage 3
late expanding: Social and economic development continues. People start having less children as most children survive to adulthood
- Eg. India
Population cycle - stage 4
low fluctuating: The country is now wealthy. Family planning is widespread. Low birth rate and death rate. Small population growth
- Eg. Ireland
Population cycle - stage 5
senile : People have very few children. The death rate is higher than the birth rate. The population starts to decline
- Eg. Japan
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Ch.1 Plate Tectonics21
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Ch.2 Volcano24
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Ch.3 Earthquakes18
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Ch.4 Folding22
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Ch. 7 Rocks21
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Ch.8 Weathering25
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Ch.9 Mass Movement19
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Ch.10 Rivers30
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Ch.11 The Sea/Coasts30
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Ch.23 Primary Economic Activities9
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Economic Activities8
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Ch.24 Secondary Economic Activites15
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Ch.26 Population22
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Ch.27 Migration23
