The Somatic Nervous System
innervates (i.e., supplies nerves to) the voluntary muscles of the body (i.e., the striated muscles like the biceps, quadriceps, etc.).
Autonomic Nervous System
innervates the organ systems of the body, the viscera.
The Sympathetic Branch
of the ANS is what we most closely associate with the “fight-or-flight” reaction, LUMBAR THORASIC SPINE
The Parasympathetic Branch
associated with relaxation and restoration responses, - CRANIAL AND SACRAL
CNS
- Brain stem
- Cerebellum
- Diencephalon
- Cerebral hemispheres
Brain stem
MEDULA, PONS, MIDBRAIN
Cerebellum
Distinct area
Diencephalon
(i.e., the “between brain”) THALAMUS, HYPOTHALMUS
Cerebral hemispheres
NEO CORTEX
-CEREBRAL CORTEX (GREY MATTER)
Reticular Formation
(consisting of nuclei) and the limbic system (hypothalamus and parts of the cerebral hemispheres.) are intimately tied with F OR F
Parallel Distributed Processing
bidirectional- the brain has more than one functional region or pathway to achieve its ends.
Brain Stem
heart and restoration
Medulla
increasing heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure after perceived potential threat.
Pons
bridge, transmits info to cerebellum (motor movement)
Midbrain controls
coordinates sensory and motor activities auditory - visual systems and voluntary movement.
Dopamine
regulating motor movement, alleviate stress “feel good” NT
Thalamus
GATE KEEPER: sensory relay station to higher cortical regions associated with consciousness
Sensory Projection System
the circuit from a sense organ moving through the thalamus to its specific region in the neocortex responsible for the experience of sensation.
Hypothalamus
region of the diencephalon that exerts control over fight- or-flight activities, fear and anger states, and a host of other functions.
Hypothalamus cont.
- Direct control over f of – indirect control over its connection to the master gland, the pituitary, to stimulate the endocrine system to
- primary emotional arousal states of fear linked to flight and anger linked to fight
- responsible for homeostatic reaction of ANS, motivates us to eat and drink, core temp, rate of metabolism, 24 hour bioregulation process, skeletal posture
Amygdala
: region of the cerebral hemispheres and part of the limbic system responsible for mediating emotional responses, particularly fear and anxiety.
*Stores memories, which stimuli should be approached and which to avoid
Hippocampus
region of the cerebral hemispheres involved in encoding declarative memories (long term). Helps determine appraisal and sends to amygdala is fear response should be evoked
RF plays an important role
- transmits arousal signals regarding stressful stimuli upward to the diencephalon and higher cortical areas
- sends signals downward into the brain stem, viscera, and skeletal muscular system to activate the fight-or-flight response ie. as the one you had in response to the bang sound.
Limbic System
brain’s neural circuit for emotion - hippocampus,
thalamus
parts of the hypothalamus, the amygdala
-prefrontal cortex
- other structures such as the cingulated gyrus.
