CH31

Question 1

Describe

Fungi

Answer 1

• Heterotrophs
• Primarily haploid
• Feed by absorption
• Chitinous cell wall

Question 2

How does a fungi feed?

Answer 2

• Secretes hydrolytic enzymes to break down complex molecules in surroundings and absorb nutrients, especially cellulose and lignin

Question 3

What are the two most common forms of yeast?

Answer 3

Multicellular filaments or single cells, such as yeast

Question 4

Define

Hyphae

Answer 4

Network of tiny filaments composed of tubular cell walls surrounding plasma membrane and cytoplasm

Question 5

Define

Septa

Answer 5

Cross-walls that divide the hyphae into cells, with pores large enough to allow organelle flow from cell to cell

Question 6

Define

Coenocytic fungi

Answer 6

Fungi with no septa, results from nuclei division without cytokinesis

Question 7

Define

Haustoria

Answer 7

Specialized parasitic hyphae fungi use to extract nutrients from or exchange nutrients with plants

Question 8

Define

Mycorrhizae

Answer 8

Said of fungi who have a symbiotic relationship with the roots of a plant

Question 9

Define

Mycelium

Answer 9

Feeding network of hyphae

Question 10

What are the two types of mycorrhizae?

Answer 10

• Ectomycorrhizae: grows into extracellular space of root cortex
• Arbuscular: extend branching hyphae through root cell

Question 11

Define

Plasmogamy

Answer 11

Union of the cytoplasms of 2 parent mycelia, creation of heterokaryon or dikaryon, latter of which is functionally diploid

Question 12

Define

Karyogamy

Answer 12

• Creation of diploid cells from fusion of haploid nuclei
• Formation of zygotes (meiosis restores haploid condition in the form of spores)

Question 12

Define

Moulds

Answer 12

Asexually-reproducing fungi that produce visible mycelia by release of haploid spores by mitosis

Question 13

What was the ancestor of fungi like?

Answer 13

Aquatic, single-celled, flagellated protists. Belongs in opisthokont clade along with animals for the posterior location of its flagella, formed a symbiotic relationship with plants when moving to land

Question 14

What are the lineages fungi has radiated into?

Answer 14

• Chytrids
• Zygomycetes
• Glomeromycetes
• Ascomycetes
• Basiodiomycetes

Question 15

Describe

Chytrids

Answer 15

• Found in moist environments
• Release flagellated spores called zoophytes
• Parasites of plants and animals

Question 16

Describe

Zygomycetes

Answer 16

• Moulds or commensal/parasite
• Can form resistant zygosporangium w/ same principle as endospores
• Coencytic

Question 17

Describe

Glomeromycetes

Answer 17

• 80% of plants are mutualist with this fungi
• Arbuscular mycorrhizae

Question 18

Describe

Ascomycetes

Answer 18

• Production of spores (conidia) in asci, which are contained in ascocarps (the mushroom)
• Ectomycorrhizae

Question 19

Describe

Basidiomycetes

Answer 19

• Possesses basidium, cell in which karyogamy occurs
• Creation of fruiting bodies called basidiocarps
• Important decomposers of lignin