Definition of Temperature, T
Degree of hotness of a substance
Definition of Heat
Thermal energy that can be transferred from one object to
another
Definition of Thermal Equilibrium
Net heat transfer between two objects becomes zero
How 2 objects achieve thermal equilibrium through thermal contact (4m)
- When in Thermal Contact, rate of heat transfer from hot object to cold object is higher than rate of heat transfer from cold object to hot object
- Temperature of hot object will drop while temperature of cold object will rise until both object have the same temperature
- Net heat transfer between 2 objects becomes zero
- Both objects are in a state of Thermal Equilibrium
Definition of Heat capacity, C
Heat energy required by an object to increase its temperature by 1 degree celcius
Definition of Specific Heat capacity, C
Heat energy needed by 1kg mass of substance to increase the temperature by 1 degree celcius
Definition of Latent Heat
Heat energy absorbed during melting and boiling with no change in temperature
Definition of Specific Latent Heat
Heat energy absorbed or released by 1kg mass during a change of phase without change in temperature
Definition of Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation
Heat energy absorbed during boiling or released during condensation by 1kg of the substance with no change in temperature
Definition of Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
Heat Energy absorbed during melting or released during freezing by 1kg of a substance without change in temperature
Purpose of heat energy absorbed without change in temperature
weaken or break bonds between molecules
Purpose of heat energy released without change in temperature
strengthen or form bond between molecules
Purpose of heat energy absorbed or release with change in temperature
increase/decrease kinetic energy of molecules
General Formula of Gas Laws
PV/T1=PV/T2
Boyle’s law
The pressure is inversely proportional to volume of a fixed mass of gas with constant temperature
Definition of gas pressure
Force per unit area exerted on the wall of the container
Charles’ law
Volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume
Explain the relationship between volume of gas and gas pressure
- Volume of gas decreases
- Same number of molecules move in smaller space
- number of molecules per unit volume increases
- rate of collision between gas molecules and wall of container increases.
- force per unit area exerted on container wall increase.
- Gas pressure increase
Explain relationship between volume and absolute temperature
- Temperature of gas increases
- average kinetic energy of gas molecules increases
- molecules moves with higher velocity
- volume of gas increases at constant gas pressure
Explain relationship between gas pressure and absolute temperature
- temperature of gas increases
- average kinetic energy of gas molecules increases
- molecules of gas move with higher velocity
- rate of collision between gas molecule and wall of container increases
- force per unit area exerted on container wall increase
- gas pressure increase
Condition & pressure of gas molecules at absolute zero
- gas molecules no longer move
- dont collide with wall of container
- zero gas pressure
