Ch4: Flagellates.

Question 0

2. Flagellates reside where?

Answer 0

Small intestine, cecum,

Colon, and duodenum.

Question 1

1. Phylum, subphylum, and class of Flagellates?

Answer 1

P: Sarcomastigophora,
S: Mastigophora,
C: Zoomastigophora.

Question 2

3. Define flagella.

Answer 2

Whiplike structures for motility.

Question 3

4. Define undulating membrane.

Answer 3

Finlike structure connected to the outer edge of some flagellates.

Question 4

5. Define axostyle.

Answer 4

Rodlike structure for support.

Question 5

6. Examples of intestinal flagellates?

Answer 5

Giardia intestinalis,
Chilomastix mesnili,
Dientamoeba fragilis,
Trichomonas hominis,
Enteromonas hominis,
Retortamonas intestinalis.

Question 6

7. Examples of extraintestinal flagellates?

Answer 6

Trichomonas tenax,

Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 7

8. Other names of Giardia intestinalis?

Answer 7

Cercomonas intestinalis,
Giardia lamblia,
Giardia duodenale.

Question 8

9. Discovery of G. intestinalis?

Answer 8

Dr. F. Lambl (French, 1859),
Dr. Giard (Czechoslovakian),
Stiles (1915).

Question 9

10. Formal names are reviewed by?

Answer 9

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.

Question 10

11. Define axoneme.

Answer 10

The interior portions of the flagella;

Make up the axostyle.

Question 11

12. Define median bodies.

Answer 11

“Parabasal bodies”;
Slightly curved rodlike structures, which sit on the axonemes posterior to the nuclei;
associated with energy, metabolism, or support.

Question 12

13. Define sucking discs.

Answer 12

Covering 50-75% of ventral surface, it serves as the nourishment point of entry by attaching to the intestinal villi.

Question 13

14. Newest form of identifying Giardia? (And D. fragilis)

Answer 13

Real-time polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR).
-molecular method that is sensitive enough for environment monitoring.

Question 14

15. Giardia trophozoites may infect what organs?

Answer 14

Duodenum, common bile duct, gallbladder.

Question 15

16. Animal reservoir hosts of Giardia?

Answer 15

Beavers, muskrats, water voles;

Domestic sheep, cattle, dogs.

Question 16

17. Disease caused by Giardia lamblia?

Answer 16

Giardiasis or Traveler’s diarrhea.

Question 17

18. Some typical symptoms of giardiasis?

Answer 17

Diarrhea, steatorrhea,

flatulence, abdominal cramping.

Question 19

19. Patients with what diseases are susceptible to reoccuring gardiasis?

Answer 19

Intestinal diverticuli and
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency.

Question 20

20. What diseases predisposes gardiasis?

Answer 20

Hypogammaglobulinemia and achlorhydria.

Question 21

21. Medications for giardiasis?

Answer 21

Metronidazole (Flagyl),
Tinidazole (Tindamax),
Nitazoxanide (Alinia).

Question 22

22. G. intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis are both known to be?

Answer 22

Carriers of double-stranded RNA viruses.

Question 23

23. Carriers of double-stranded RNA viruses?

Answer 23

G. intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 24

24. Motility of G. intestinalis?

Answer 24

Falling leaf.

4 pairs of flagella.

Question 25

25. Motility of Chilomastix mesnili?

Answer 25

Stiff, rotary in directional pattern; | 4 flagella.

Question 25

27. D. fragilis resides where?

Answer 25

Mucosal crypts of the large intestine.

Question 26

26. Motility of Dientamoeba fragilis?

Answer 26

Progressive; | Broad hyaline pseudopodia with serrated margins.

Question 27

28. Dientamoeba fragilis is transmitted via?

Answer 27

The eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides.

Question 28

29. Treatment for Dientamoeba fragilis infections?

Answer 28

Iodoquinol, tetracycline, | Paromomycin (Humatin).

Question 29

30. What is Hakansson phenomenon?

Answer 29

When D. fragilis is mounted in water preparations, it swells, ruptures, and returns to normal size. Numerous granules, which exhibit Brownian motion, are present.

Question 30

31. When D. fragilis is mounted in water preparations, it swells, ruptures, and returns to normal size. Numerous granules, which exhibit Brownian motion, are present.

Answer 30

Hakansson phenomenon.

Question 32

33. Transmission of T. hominis?

Answer 32

Ingesting of contaminated milk, especially when suffering from achlorhdyria.

Question 33

32. Motility of Trichomonas hominis?

Answer 33

Nervous, jerky; | 3-5 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum.

Question 34

33. Falling leaf. | 4 pairs of flagella.

Answer 34

Motility of Giardia lamblia.

Question 35

34. Stiff, rotary in directional pattern; | 4 flagella.

Answer 35

Motility of Chilomastix mesnili.

Question 36

35. Progressive; | Broad hyaline pseudopodia with serrated margins.

Answer 36

Motility of Dientamoeba fragilis.

Question 37

36. Nervous, jerky | 3-5 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum.

Answer 37

Motility of Trichomonas hominis.

Question 38

37. Motility of Enteromonas hominis?

Answer 38

Jerky; 3 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum; small tail.

Question 39

38. Jerky; 3 ant. flagella, 1 pos. flagellum; small tail.

Answer 39

Motility of Enteromonas hominis.

Question 40

39. Simple flagellate?

Answer 40

Enteromonas hominis.

Question 41

40 Motility of Retortamonas intestinalis?

Answer 41

Jerky; | 2 anterior flagella.

Question 42

41. Flagellates with cytosomes?

Answer 42

Chilomastix mesnili, Trichomonas hominis (conical), Retortamonas intestinalis, Trichomonas tenax.

Question 43

42 Flagellates with axostyle?

Answer 43

Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas vaginalis (granulated).

Question 44

43. Flagellates with undulating membrane and costa?

Answer 44

``` Trichomonas hominis (full body), Trichomonas tenax (2/3), Trichomonas vaginalis (1/2) ```

Question 45

44. Motility of Trichomonas tenax?

Answer 45

5 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly).

Question 46

45. Flagellates with cysts?

Answer 46

Giardia lamblia, Chilomastix mesnili, Enteromonas hominis, Retortamonas intestinalis.

Question 47

46. Flagellates without cysts?

Answer 47

Dientamoeba fragilis, Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 48

47. Specimen of choice for Trichomonas tenax?

Answer 48

Mouth scrapings: tonsillar crypts and pyorrheal pockets; tartar between the teeth and gingival margin of the gums.

Question 49

48. Trichomonas tenax may also invade what organ?

Answer 49

the repiratory tract in patients with underlying thoracic or lung abscesses of pleural exudates.

Question 50

49. 5 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly).

Answer 50

Motility of Trichomonas tenax.

Question 51

50. Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 51

Rapid jerky; | 4-6 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly)

Question 52

51. Rapid jerky; | 4-6 ant. flagella (1 extends posteriorly)

Answer 52

Motility of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 53

52. Specimens for Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 53

spun urine, prostatic secretions, | vaginal and urethral discharges.

Question 54

53. Method in examining T. vaginalis?

Answer 54

Saline wet preparations.

Question 55

54. Method in examining Chilomastix mesnili?

Answer 55

Iodine wet preparations.

Question 56

55. Method in examining Dientamoeba fragilis?

Answer 56

Permanent stain and iron hematoxylin.

Question 57

56. Saline wet preparations.

Answer 57

MIE T. vaginalis.

Question 58

57. Iodine wet preps.

Answer 58

MIE C. mesnili.

Question 59

58. Permanent stain and iron hematoxylin.

Answer 59

MIE D. fragilis.

Question 60

60. T. vaginalis has been recovered from infants suffering from?

Answer 60

respiratory infection and conjunctivitis.

Question 61

61. Treatment for T. vaginalis infections?

Answer 61

Metronidazole (Flagyl).

Question 62

62. Transmismitted via The eggs of helminth parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 62

Dientamoeba fragilis.

Question 63

63 Iodoquinol, tetracycline, | Paromomycin (Humatin).

Answer 63

Treatment for Dientamoeba fragilis.

Question 64

64. Transmitted via ingestion of contaminated milk, especially when suffering from achlorhdyria.

Answer 64

Trichomonas hominis.

Question 65

65. Mucosal crypts of large intestine?

Answer 65

D. fragilis resides where?