Ch.5 - Ethics

Question 1

Something that is aspirational is a

Answer 1

general principle

Question 2

Something that is enforceable is a

Answer 2

ethical standard

Question 3

What is a general principle?

Answer 3

section that describes an ideal level of function or what we should aspire for

Question 4

What is an ethical standard?

Answer 4

rules of conduct that can mandate specific levels of behaviour and can be specifically violated

Question 5

What are the 5 ethical principles and what do they means?

Answer 5

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
o	Should only benefit not harm them 
Fidelity and Responsibility 
o	You have a responsibility to act in a certain manner towards society, clients & co-workers
Integrity 
o	Honest & straight forward
Justice 
o	Treat everyone fairly not biased 
Respect for people’s rights and dignity

Question 6

The following are all…

1. Resolving Ethical Issues
2. Competence
3. Human Relations
4. Privacy and Confidentiality
5. Advertising and Other Public Statements
6. Record Keeping and Fees
7. Education and Training
8. Research and Publication
9. Assessment
10. Therapy

Answer 6

categories of ethical standards

Question 7

What is the CPA 10 steps for ethical decision making?

Answer 7

1. Identify all people affected
2. Clarify issues
3. Personal biases/conflicts of interest
4. Brainstorm plan of action
5. Weigh each
6. Make choice after weighing
7. Act on choice & accept responsibility
8. Evaluate
9. See if need revision
10. Review events with view to prevention

Question 8

Where do many behaviours fall for psychologists?

Answer 8

In the grey area between non ethical and ethical

Question 9

What are the 4 CPA ethics and what do they mean?

Answer 9

1. Respect for the Dignity of Persons
   - Informed consent, confidentiality (what If someone is in a court case)
2. Responsible Caring
   - Competence (make sure you have the training for a specific area) & self-knowledge (what are your limits?)
3. Integrity in Relationships
   - Honesty, lack of bias, avoid deception
4. Responsibility to Society
   - Benefits to society, share knowledge

Question 10

While sometimes situations arise where this can be broken, psychologists are obligated to maintain

Answer 10

confidentiality

Question 11

Explain Tarasoff and the Duty to warn

Answer 11

Tarasoff is a court case regarding a college student client who told his therapist he was going to kill his girlfriend (Tatiana Tarasoff)
Therapist contacted campus police who detained him, but after he was released, he killed her
Her family sued and won
The finding was that the therapist has the “duty to warn” the potential victim
This finding now sets a precedent all therapists for breaking confidentiality

Question 12

Parents have the right to be informed, T or F?

Answer 12

True. However, the psychologists will usually tell parents they will only disclose if they think it is beneficial

Question 13

When might you break confidentiality with a child client?

Answer 13

If you suspect abuse, and that reporting the abuse will not make it worse

Question 14

Why is confidentiality so important to children?

Answer 14

They will often confide more if they can be assured that psychologists will not repeat everything to their parents

Question 15

What is required for research, assessment, therapy, and other professional activities ?

Answer 15

informed consent

Question 16

In therapy, informed consent is …

Answer 16

on going rather than a one time thing

Question 17

Informed consent also means that client can…

Answer 17

ask questions and receive answers

Question 18

What is multiple relationships?

Answer 18

Knowing someone professionally and in some other way (romantic, sexual, friendship)

Question 19

Multiple relationships are unethical when…(2)

Answer 19

o Psychologist’s objectivity, competence, or judgment can be impairs
o Exploitation or harm could result

Question 20

Boundary crossing (minor, often harmless) can lead to…

Answer 20

boundary violations (major, often harmful)

Question 21

What does it mean to have competence?

Answer 21

Sufficiently capable, skilled, experienced, and expert to complete the professional tasks they undertake

Question 22

What are the boundaries of competence?

Answer 22

Psychologists should know their limits and seek additional training or supervision when necessary

Question 23

How can we maintain competence ?

Answer 23

continued education

Question 24

What is an important type of competence?

Answer 24

cultural competence

Question 25

How can burnout be minimized?

Answer 25

by efforts by the psychologist to keep job varied, keep life balanced, keep expectations reasonable, and keep self-healthy

Question 26

How is there ethics in test selection?

Answer 26

Need to consider competence of the client, what culture the client is from and whether the test has high validity and reliability

Question 27

How is there ethics in test security ?

Answer 27

We don't allow test materials to enter public domain and require certain certifications do get the material

Question 28

How is there ethics in test data?

Answer 28

Data should be shred only at the client's request and if it will benefit them

Question 29

What is managed care companies emphasis on?

Answer 29

sometimes the financial bottom line causing an ethical conflict inside the psychologists of trying to keep the session short but also helping

Question 30

How could the manage care companies reduce this conflict?

Answer 30

put information in the informed consent process

Question 31

How can diagnostic decisions be influenced by mamboed care companies requirements

Answer 31

may push a clinician to give a stronger diagnosis so the company will pay for the client to have sessions

Question 32

What are 4 ethical issues with psychological test online?

Answer 32

1. questionable reliability and validity 2. identity of the client 3. testing condition 4. inability to observe behaviour during testing

Question 33

What is an ethical issue that seems to arise in small communities?

Answer 33

multiple relationships

Question 34

How can we lessen the damage or potential damage of multiple relationships?

Answer 34

o Discuss up front with clients o Clarify boundaries o Avoid impaired judgement and exploitation