What happens when a compound dissolves in water?
- break forces holding solid together
- make new interactions with H2O
Solubility
when an ionic/covalent compound dissolves in H2O
Spectator Ions
Ions that are present, but do not participate in any net reaction`
Colligative Properties
physical properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution
Colligative properties are based on the ______, not the ______, of solute particles.
number; identity
3 Colligative Properties - As you add solute to solvent…
1) lower vapor pressure of solvent
2) raised boiling point of solvent
3) lower freezing point of solvent
Mole fraction formula
xi=moles of compound(i)/total molecule
Vapor Pressure
The pressure of the gas/vapor in equilibrium with the corresponding liquid – how likely a substance is to vaporize
P0
The vapor pressure of the PURE liquid
Raoults Law
ΔP(sovlent)=x(solvent)P0(solvent)
As the mole fraction (x) increases, the vapor pressure (de/increases)
decreases
Molality
m= mol of solute/kg of solvent
How do molality and molarity differ?
molarity is mol per liter, while molality is mol per kg
Atoms in a molecular solids are held together by (weak/strong) (intra/inter)molecular forces
strong; intramolecular
Molecules in molecular solids are held together by (weak/strong) (intra/inter)molecular forces
weak; intermolecular
Coulombs Law
F=q1q2/2
Ionic bonds have a (high/low) lattice energy
high
A larger ionic radius results in a (stronger/weaker) attractive force between ions, dictated by coulumbs law.
weaker
