Challenge

Question 1

Who were the authors of the following studies:
1. Gender socialization in parenting
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2. The effect of violence on children
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3. Attitude stability
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4. Behavior driving attitude change
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5. Freudian repression
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6. Prenatal testosterone and masculine behavior
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7. Children's fondness and aptitude for gendered games
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8. Sesame street study
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9. Video game violence
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10. Drawing as a communication aid
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Answer 1

1. Gender socialization in parenting
   - Morrongiello and Dawber
   - Smith and Lloyd
   - Weisner and Silson-Mitchell
2. The effect of violence on children
   - Boyatzis, Matillo, Nesbitt
   - Heusman
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3. Attitude stability
   - Himmelweit
4. Behavior driving attitude change
   - Knox and Inkster
5. Freudian repression
   - Bruner and Postman
6. Prenatal testosterone and masculine behavior
   - Ward
   - Gandermann, Vom Saal, Reinsich
7. Children’s fondness and aptitude for gendered games
   - Montemayor
8. Sesame street study
   - Ball and Bogatz
9. Video game violence
   - Anderson and Dill
10. Drawing as a communication aid
    - Butler, Gross, and Hayne

Question 2

What are the biological explanations for gendered differences?

Answer 2

• Testosterone linked to spatial ability
• Prenatal testosterone linked to male behavior
• Male female brain anatomy differences
• Male female cognitive speciality difference
• Evolutionary arguments
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 3

When does gender constancy exist?

Answer 3

5 years old

Question 4

When do children first display signs of gendered preferences?

Answer 4

18 months

Question 5

What are the complications of children in court?

Answer 5

• Poor understanding of the legal system
• Limited memory
• Forced to deliver evidence in front of the accused
• Cross-sectional testimony is problematic
• Court environment is intimating
• Unwilling, or unknowing, to report abuse
• Medical or physical evidence often absent
• Absence of eyewitnesses
• Child witness controversy

Question 6

Why are children’s memories limited?

Answer 6

• Short duration
• Context dependent
• Knowledge is a limiting factor
• Language comprehension is a limiting factor

Question 7

When is a child’s testimony forensically valid

Answer 7

Age 4 or 5

Question 8

Child development - L4

Answer 8

Child development L4